Swellings which occur at various points in the lymphatic system through which LYMPH drains. They have two main functions: (1) the interception and removal of abnormal or foreign material from the lymph; (2) the production of immune responses (see IMMUNITY). The lymph nodes become enlarged when the area of the body which they drain is the site of infection or as a manifestation of some systemic ...

..*.. person who decides on removal. ,'A ... I l l IDrains provide a mechanical meanso removig matera that wod otherwise be harmful to the patient, and this may be pus, air, blood, 9\S,i.': '.:.: !_F '' ',:,.,, _,urme, or alimentary secretions. There are three main reasons for inserting drains-namely, to remove air and blood that wil delay healing and recovery, to drain abscesses, and to provid...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Small-bore chest tubes are widely used in the management of common pleural disease. Guidelines suggest that patients with malignant pleural effusions, pneumothorax and pleural infection may be successfully managed with small-bore drains. However, good quality data is often lacking. This article reviews the evidence for the treatment efficacy and potential adverse effects of di...

Although the use of chest drains is common in medicine, there appear to be wide variations in practice. A survey was therefore conducted to establish the current status of chest drain management in the Northwest region. A questionnaire targeted consultants practising in the specialties of chest medicine, general surgery, accident & emergency and cardiothoracic surgery. The questionnaire consist...

The use of surgical drains in patients undergoing thyroid surgery is standard surgical teaching. Life-threatening complications, arising from post-operative haematomas, mandates their utilization. There is increasing evidence to suggest that this is an outdated practice. This paper determines whether thyroid surgery can be safely performed without the routine use of drains. A retrospective revi...

the dominant traditional view to designing drainage systems explains drainage goals only in terms of crop yield increase and rhizosphere improvement while ignoring the environmental impacts of drainage projects. nowadays, this view has been changed into a new one in which both environmental and agricultural purposes are taken into consideration. depth and spacing of subsoil drains are important...

A retained intra-abdominal foreign body is a common occurrence that is frequently underreported due to its medicolegal implications. Sponges, gauzes, surgical instruments, abdominal drains, etc. have been reported in the literature. The most common presentation for a retained intra-abdominal foreign body is postoperative abdominal infections or bleeding, frequently seen in the immediate postope...

Introduction: The effect of drain usage in laparoscopic cholecystectomy to decrease pain remains controversial. Drains have been reported to decrease pain, to have no effect on pain, and even to increase pain in various studies. When closely investigated, it was seen that the localization of the drains placed after cholecystectomy varied, and none of the studies in the literature considered the...

Pleural effusions are commonly drained with Seldinger intercostal drains. One uncommon but serious risk of drain insertion is that of a foreign body being retained in the pleural cavity following removal. We report a case in which the tip of the drain was retained in the pleural space following difficult insertion of a Seldinger intercostal drain in a district general hospital. Prompt recogniti...

BACKGROUND Dar es Salaam has an extensive drain network, mostly with inadequate water flow, blocked by waste, causing flooding after rainfall. The presence of Anopheles and Culex larvae is common, which is likely to impact the transmission of lymphatic filariasis and malaria by the resulting adult mosquito populations. However, the importance of drains as larval habitats remains unknown. METH...