Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) has emerged as one of the alternative technologies for current CMOS technology. It advantage computing at a faster speed, consuming lower power, and work Nano- Scale. Besides these advantages, QCA logic is limited to its primitive gates, majority voter inverter only, results in limitation cost-efficient circuit realization. Numerous designs have been proposed...

The space-time phases of a complex dynamic system are the probability distributions for state as a function of space and time which arise by evolving initial probability distributions from the distant past. Toom proved important results about space-time phases for a class of majority voter probabilistic cellular automata (PCA). Here, variants of the majority voter PCA are presented which are pr...

The quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is considered as an alternative tocomplementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology based on physicalphenomena like Coulomb interaction to overcome the physical limitations of thistechnology. The decoder is one of the important components in digital circuits, whichcan be used in more comprehensive circuits such as full adde...

The role of electoral incentives vs. selection is ideally analyzed in a setting where individual legislators are selected to decide on policies under different rules and voter preferences can be precisely measured. This the first paper look at such situation. institutional Switzerland allows us observe behavior who change from proportionally-elected chamber majority-elected parliament with thei...

Voting algorithms are used to arbitrate between variant results in a wide range of highly dependable real-time control applications. These applications include N-Modular Redundant hardware systems and diversely designed software systems based on N-Version Programming. The most sophisticated and complex voting algorithms can even tolerate malicious (or Byzantine) variant errors. Voting algorithm...