p. vivax malaria with suspected long incubation have been frequently observed mostly in the northwest part of iran in the course of malaria control and malaria eradication operations. a sero-epidemiological study of such cases which present the first symptom in early spring, before anopheles activities season, was carried out in 92 selected villages with a population of 38,726 in two near areas...

The call for malaria control, over the last century, marked a new epoch in the history of this disease. Many control strategies targeting either the Plasmodium parasite or the Anopheles vector were shown to be effective. Yet, the emergence of drug resistant parasites and insecticide resistant mosquito strains, along with numerous health, environmental, and ecological side effects of many chemic...

On Oct 17, 2007, Bill and Melinda Gates called for complete eradication to be adopted as the new goal for the age-old fi ght against malaria, with the Director General of WHO, Margaret Chan, promptly echoing their conviction. Although debate over the wisdom of this target will continue, growing impatience with the low ambitions of current eff orts, fuelled by reductions in morbidity and mortali...

www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 334 9 DECEMBER 2011 1317 COVER Scanning electron micrograph of a female Anopheles stephensi mosquito, a transmitter of malaria (proboscis length: ~0.6 millimeters). To drive malaria eradication, new medicines that target all stages of the malaria life cycle are needed. In their study, Meister et al. used thousands of A. stephensi mosquitos to identify chemical cla...

www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 334 9 DECEMBER 2011 1317 COVER Scanning electron micrograph of a female Anopheles stephensi mosquito, a transmitter of malaria (proboscis length: ~0.6 millimeters). To drive malaria eradication, new medicines that target all stages of the malaria life cycle are needed. In their study, Meister et al. used thousands of A. stephensi mosquitos to identify chemical cla...

Malaria is a clear example of a reemerging disease. The annual number of cases (incidence) fell sharply 30-35 years ago as the result of a malaria eradication campaign (1, 2). At that time, malaria was eliminated from Europe, most Asian regions of the USSR, the United States, and most of the Caribbean (3). However, it was not eradicated in Southeast Asia, South America, or Africa, and has reeme...

n engl j med 358;23 www.nejm.org june 5, 2008 2425 foundation called on scientists and health officials to join in a global effort to eradicate malaria, an infection that kills more than a million people each year, most of them infants and children. Mention of the big “E word” has sparked a spirited debate about whether eradication will ever be possible, even as enthusiasm and funding build for...

To the World Health Organization malaria remains "one of the world's most important public health concerns". During the post-eradication era of the 1980s there was no clear answer to the following question: what kind of intervention could be effective against malaria in the 'roll-back malaria' programme? In this situation there were also calls for an 'applied history of medicine', since the ant...