Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the Life Orientation Test (LOT) consisted of separate Optimism and Pessimism factors among middle-aged and older adults. Although the two factors were significantly negatively correlated among individuals facing a profound life challenge (i.e., caregiving), they were only weakly correlated among noncaregivers. Caregivers also expressed less optimism th...

Research suggests that optimism feels good. However, does it always feel good? We suggest that the benefits (and costs) of optimism and pessimism depend on their timing. A study of exam score estimates revealed that, after controlling for actual exam performance, optimistic expectations are unrelated to how people feel immediately before feedback, in contrast to the common wisdom that optimism ...

Nurses intuitively recognize an optimistic outlook as a personality component that has a positive impact on clients' health-related behavior. Optimism, however, has not been studied from the perspective of nursing. The author did a concept analysis of optimism (the first step in grounding the study of optimism in nursing practice); identified attributes, antecedents, and consequences; and devel...

Resilience has merited growing interest in psychology and management research, given its potential to drive important organisational outcomes. Yet, there is limited understanding of the individual and contextual factors that promote resilient behaviours in organisations. This study explored relationships between dispositional variables (proactive personality and optimism), leadership styles (em...

This study hypothesized a relationship between field independence and both attitude toward science and achievement in science. Testing instruments were the Concealed Figures Test, the Scientific Attitude Inventory, classroom achievement tests, and the Henmon-Nelson Test of Mental Ability. Using the Concealed Figures Test, two extreme groups, one field-dependent and the other field-independent, ...

the relationship between optimism and emotion regulation strategies with general health     issazadegan a [1] *, shiekhy s [2]     received: 29july, 2011 accepted: 2october, 2011     abstract   background & aims : individuals use different strategies in emotion regulation, some of them are adoptive and maladaptive that relate to general health. also individual life orientation such as favorable...

In this paper we argue that mutual optimism is not a valid explanation for war. Specifically, we ask if it is the case that war occurs if and only if mutual optimism occurs and if it is the case that the presence of mutual optimism is necessary for a positive probability of war. We show that in models in which either side can choose to fight, the answer to both of these questions is no. Thus, i...

Converging evidence identifies trait optimism and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as personality and brain factors influencing anxiety, but the nature of their relationships remains unclear. Here, the mechanisms underlying the protective role of trait optimism and of increased OFC volume against symptoms of anxiety were investigated in 61 healthy subjects, who completed measures of trait optimis...