background: influenza viruses are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. the influenza virus pandemics, 1918, 1977, and especially the most recent one, a/h1n1/2009, made evident the need for generating recombinant influenza h1n1 antigens which are essential to develop both basic and applied research programs. among influenza virus proteins, haemagglutinin (ha) is a major surface antige...

The general structure of the 1/m corrections at zero recoil is studied. The relevant matrix elements are forward matrix elements of local higher dimensional operators and their time ordered products with higher order terms from the Lagrangian. These matrix elements may be classified in a simple way and the analysis at the non recoil point for the form factor of heavy quark currents simplifies d...

Influenza virus type B strains were unexpectedly detected and isolated in Italy during summer-fall 2008 from three patients travelling to Italy from Lebanon, Senegal and Uzbekistan. The three summer-fall strains matched to a high degree the hemagglutinin (HA1) of influenza virus type B strains circulating in Italy in the second part (January through April) of the 2007/2008 season, and HA1 of th...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects humic acid (HA) applications on rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) growth, heavy metal uptake, bioconcentration factor (BCF), translocation (TF), tolerance index (TI), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activities and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content in polluted soil with lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn). Three doses...

abstract background and aims: influenza a(h5n1) viruses  circulating in animals might evolve and acquire the ability to spread from  human to human and thus start a pandemic. hemagglutinin (ha) has been shown to play a major role in binding of influenza virus to its target cell and the main neutralizing antibody responses elicit against this region. recent studies have shown that glycosylation ...

background and aims: influenza a(h5n1) viruses  circulating in animals might evolve and acquire the ability to spread from  human to human and thus start a pandemic. hemagglutinin (ha) has been shown to play a major role in binding of influenza virus to its target cell and the main neutralizing antibody responses elicit against this region. recent studies have shown that glycosylation of ha is ...

Low iron availability enhances hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). Considering that reduced serum iron is caused by increased erythropoiesis, insufficient reabsorption, or elevated hepcidin levels, one might speculate that exaggerated HPV in high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is related to low serum iron. To test this notion we measured serum iron and hepcidin in blood samples obtained ...

The role of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AID) in somatic hypermutation and polyclonal antibody affinity maturation has not been shown for polyclonal responses in humans. We investigated whether AID induction in human B cells following H1N1pdm09 vaccination correlated with in-vivo antibody affinity maturation against hemagglutinin domains in plasma of young and elderly individuals. AID...

Introduction of novel inactivated oil-emulsion vaccines against different strains of prevailing and emerging low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses is not an economically viable option for poultry. Engineering attenuated Salmonella Gallinarum (S. Gallinarum) vaccine delivering H5 LPAI antigens can be employed as a bivalent vaccine against fowl typhoid and LPAI viruses, while still offeri...