literature has always been the stage of representing sublime concepts of humanity and illustrates most latent scenes of human life. war and resistance have been apparently represented in literature as two most important expressions of human life. writers and poets  have always created beautiful works in this context such as those written  after crusades and events  of fateful conflicts between ...

ibn al-moqaffa, an iranian thinker and reformer lived in the era when people suffered from tyranny. he had well realized the root of people's problem which he attributed to the political regime. he was the one who believed that the progress of common men depends on the progress of nobles and their progress is not possible without their leader's progress. the society in those days was ...

this study has been derived from my doctorate thesis entitled as ‘’al derasate val tahghigh hula area alsarfie val nahvie leibn geni fi ketabeh al khasaes’’ which while expressing a little about life and literature of ibne geni, explain the subject of accent variations in terms of meaning and structure. it is believed that ibn geni in 321 (h-gh) was born in mousel. some believe that his name ha...

Ibn al-Jazzar on fevers: a critical edition of Zdd al-musafir wa-qut al-4.Vjr. Provisions for the traveller and nourishment for the sedentary, Book 7, Chapters 1-6, The original Arabic text with an English translation, introduction and commentary With this volume Gerrit Bos presents a critical edition and English translation of the last section of Ibn al-Jazzar's Zad al-musafir which will be we...

this article tries to compare two contiguous concepts inzoroaster’s gāthas, “spэništa mainyu”- “spэnta mainyu”, withtwo others in ibn arabi’s mystical system, “al-fayḍ al-aqdas”-“al-fayḍ al-muqaddas”. by this comparison, we are in quest ofarraying an explanation of two basic concepts of the gāthaswithin the theories of a major figure of islamic mysticism ratherthan corresponding these two to th...

Pharmacy which is an art and science of preparing and dispensing drugs and Materia Medica gives the names, sources physical characters and chemical properties of herbs or substances used in medicine and their doses have been interwoven connected with medicine from the time immorial. This can be traced back to the findings of ancient Egyptian and Unani Physician like Hippocrates (460-377 B.C) Di...

many scholars at the present and in the past have tried to portray abulfida’ isma‘il ibn ‘umar ibn al-kathir ad-dimashghi as a truthful historian and without any fanaticism. however, the content of his “al-bidayah wa n-nihayah” indicates his utmost religious fanaticism, hiding and distorting truths, lack of politeness in writing, turning away from islamic ethics and even contradicting himself a...