U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 5,012,052 A 4/1991 Hayes 5,338,930 A 8/1994 Chu et al. 5,965,884 A 10/1999 Laiko et al. 6,495,824 B1 12/2002 Atkinson 6,531,318 B1 3/2003 Palmer-Toy et al. 6,548,263 B1 4/2003 Kapur et a1. 6,558,946 B1 5/2003 Krishnamurthy 6,656,690 B2 12/2003 Crooke et al. 6,744,046 B2 6/2004 Valaskovic et a1. 6,941,033 B2 9/2005 Taylor et a1. 6,949,741 B2 9/2005 Cody et a1. 6,989,528 B2 ...

Synchronous oscillatory activity in cortical neurons is thought to be important for higher order cognitive functions [Gray et al., 1992]. It is believed that electrical coupling between inhibitory neurons is at least partially responsible for synchronization. This is supported by both experimental [e.g. Galarreta and Hestrin, 2001; Gibson et al., 1999; Beierlein et al., 2000; Amitai et al., 200...

• precision agriculture (Moran et al., 1997; Gebbers and Adamchuk, 2010; Lee et al., 2010), • alerting and forecasting systems (Doraiswamy et al., 2003; Rembold et al., 2013), • sustainable resource protection (Baret et al., 2007), • ecological farming and sustainable intensification (Garnett et al., 2013), • traceability of products (Opara, 2003), • policy steering (Palm et al., 2014), • index...

The development of the N-alkylthio-phthalimides is of considerable interest because of the occurrence of many sulfur-containing compounds in many biologically important compounds (Tudge et al. 2006). Stable N-alkylthio-phthalimides have been used to prepare various N-(thioalkyl)amides (Ito et al. 2002; Ito et al. 2003), α-phenylthio-ketones (Wang et al. 2004), disulfides (Wang et al. 2003; Vigu...

In the mammalian brain, neurogenesis constitutively occurs in the subventricular zone (SVZ), the olfactory bulb, and the hippocampus throughout adulthood (Kuhn et al., 1996; Lois and Alvarez-Buylla, 1993; Gage, 2000; Pagano et al., 2000; Gritti et al., 2002), and adult hippocampal neurogenesis plays an important role in learning and memory (Deng et al., 2010). In the hippocampus, multipotent ne...

In Parkinson’s disease (PD) non-motor symptoms including urinary disorders have been recognized as important features of the disease (Emre, 2003; Hely et al., 2005; Mathias, 2002; Pfeiffer, 2003; Rojo et al., 2003; Senard et al., 1997; Winge et al., 2003; Lang & Obeso, 2004). In this chapter we will review the clinical features, the pathophysiology and the treatment of urinary disturbances in P...

We praise the article by Mokhtari-Zaer et al. (2015) published in the Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine on the effects of saffron on smooth muscle activity (Mokhtari-Zaer et al., 2015). It was a well-designed and interesting study on the therapeutic properties of Crocus sativus which is a precious plant cultivated in our country. We do believe that along with all other medicinal effects, saffro...

Continued tobacco use after a cancer diagnosis has been associated with various detrimental clinical outcomes such as shorter survival (Videtic et al., 2003; Fox et al., 2004; Sardari Nia et al., 2005; Zhou et al., 2006; Nguyenet al., 2010; Parsonset al., 2010; Kenfield, et al., 2011); increased risk of tumor recurrence or development of secondary malignancies (Do et al., 2003; Kawaguchi et al....

"Has antioxidant activity. Improves heart function and cardiovascular condition. Modulates immune function." (Structure-Function) [Gou and Li, 1990; Wang, 1994, 1993a, 1993b; Wang et al, 1994; Wang and Wang, 1993; Wang and Zaong, 1985; Eccleston et al, 2002; Hibasami et al, 2005;Cao et al, 2003; Wang et al, 2001; Zhang et al, 2001; Zhong, 1989; Bernath and Foldesi, 1992; Dorhoi et al, 2006; Mis...