There are serious methodological problems in studies which report contralateral visual masking. Contralateral masking occurs when detection of a hemifield target stimulus is impaired by a pattern-masking stimulus presented to the opposite hemifield. We demonstrate that, in studies which used positive stimuli (i.e., black letters on a white field), contralateral masking may be an artifact. Altho...

Detection of a Gabor pattern is impaired in the presence of a similar pattern of orthogonal orientation, a phenomenon known as cross-orientation masking (XOM). Here we investigate the role of color in cross-orientation masking. We measured contrast detection thresholds to horizontally oriented Gabors overlaid by similar Gabors of a different orientation. Red-green chromatic masking was compared...

We consider the observational signature of the dynamical eeects on the lumi-nosity function of globular clusters. For the three best studied systems, in Milky Way, M31, and M87, there is a statistically signiicant diierence between the inner and outer population of globular clusters. In all cases the inner clusters are on average brighter than the outer clusters (0:26 < m 0 < 0:84) and have a s...

A novel audio protection and authentication scheme is proposed in this paper. By quantizing a host audio’s FFTcoefficients as masking threshold units (MTUs), two complementary watermarks are designed and embedded using our cocktail watermarking method. For audio protection, high robustness can be achieved; whereas for audio authentication, tampered regions can be detected. Both of the above men...

A frequency-modulation term has been added to the gammatone auditory filter to produce a filter with an asymmetric amplitude spectrum. When the degree of asymmetry in this ‘‘gammachirp’’ auditory filter is associated with stimulus level, the gammachirp is found to provide an excellent fit to 12 sets of notched-noise masking data from three different studies. The gammachirp has a well-defined im...

Contralateral masking is the phenomenon where a masker presented to one ear affects the ability to detect a signal in the opposite ear. For normal hearing listeners, contralateral masking results in masking patterns that are both sharper and dramatically smaller in magnitude than ipsilateral masking. The goal of this study was to investigate whether medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferents are need...

A brief display that is clearly visible when shown alone can be rendered invisible by the subsequent presentation of a second visual stimulus. Several recently described backward masking effects are not predicted by current theories of visual masking, including masking by four small dots that surround (but do not touch) a target object and masking by a surrounding object that remains on display...

To protect a cryptographic algorithm against Differential Power Analysis, a general method consists in masking all intermediate data with a random value. When a cryptographic algorithm combines boolean operations with arithmetic operations, it is then necessary to perform conversions between boolean masking and arithmetic masking. A very efficient method was proposed by Louis Goubin in [6] to c...