When the largest peacetime massacre of AfricanAmericans in nineteenth-century America took place on Easter Sunday, 1873, in Colfax, Louisiana, the U.S. government possessed the tools to prosecute the murderers. e First Enforcement Act, passed sixty-two days aer the ratification of the Fieenth Amendment, prohibited private individuals, as well as state officials, from taking any of a series o...

The episodes of January in Aden are exceptionally brutal and violent, where armed confrontations broke out between the factions Yemeni Socialist Party, which lasted ten days, ended with exclusion President Secretary-General Party Ali Nasser Mohammed. main reason for those wars was struggle power greed sovereign positions. Salem Al-Beidh, who miraculously survived that massacre leaders Hadrami, ...

The article identifies the Sundarbans landscape as a ‘marginal scape’ in context of Marichjhapi Massacre 1979. It applies conservationist vs. environmental (in)justice approach ecocriticism to Amitava Ghosh’s Hungry Tide and Deep Halder’s Blood Island: An Oral History Massacre. relates idea discrimination injustice based on caste misallocation ‘Commons’. For Dalit Refugees, its ecological attri...