OBJECTIVE We evaluated the associations of both maternal and paternal smoking during pregnancy with the risk of type 2 diabetes in daughters and explored whether any association was explained by weight at birth or BMI throughout life. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used data from 34,453 participants of the Nurses' Health Study II. We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine the associa...

OBJECTIVE To examine whether maternal depressive symptoms: (a) predicted the level of maternal involvement in diabetes management tasks across adolescence; and (b) moderated associations of involvement with adolescent adherence, metabolic control, and depression. METHODS Eighty-two youth aged 10-15 years with type 1 diabetes and their mothers completed measures at baseline and 16 months later...

CONTEXT Type 2 diabetes is the result of both genetic and environmental factors. Fetal exposure to maternal diabetes is associated with a higher risk of abnormal glucose homeostasis in offspring beyond that attributable to genetic factors, and therefore, may participate in the excess of maternal transmission of type 2 diabetes. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A MEDLINE search covered the period from 196...

BACKGROUND Diabetes in pregnant women is associated with an increased risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity and remains a significant medical challenge. Diabetes during pregnancy may be divided into clinical diabetes and gestational diabetes. Experimental models are developed with the purpose of enhancing understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases that affect humans. With ...

OBJECTIVE To study which perinatal factors affect the risk of childhood overweight in offspring with a first-degree relative (FDR) with type 1 diabetes and to determine whether maternal diabetes is an independent contributor to overweight risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data on a child's weight and height were collected at age 2, 5, and 8 years from 1,214 children participating in the prosp...

OBJECTIVE We studied outcome of pregnancy among immigrant women with diabetes. The women came from regions of the world with high incidence of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Prevalences, secular trends, and sociodemographic risk factors of diabetes were also explored. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway on all births from 1988 to 1998 fo...

OBJECTIVES To examine the influence of parental age at delivery and birth order on subsequent risk of childhood diabetes. DESIGN Prospective population based family study. SETTING Area formerly administered by the Oxford Regional Health Authority. PARTICIPANTS 1375 families in which one child or more had diabetes. Of 3221 offspring, 1431 had diabetes (median age at diagnosis 10.5 years, r...

BACKGROUND An interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors is thought to be involved in the aetiology of type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate maternal and neonatal risk factors for type 1 diabetes in children under 15 years old in Grampian, Scotland. METHODS A matched case-control study was conducted by record linkage. Cases (n = 361) were children...

M aternal diabetes before pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes, including acquired hypertension during pregnancy (1–3). The maternal placental syndromes preeclampsia and abruption or infarction of the placenta (4) are also more prevalent in women with insulin resistance, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome (3,5–8). We evaluated the risk of placental vascular dis...

Objective: The high prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in Iran and its maternal and fetal consequences as well as the high risk of its long-term effects including obesity is known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) in ages of 18 months and 6 years and maternal glucose concentration. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospecti...