The purpose of this study was to determine whether botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) was efficacious for the treatment of chronic moderate to severe jaw muscle pain in females. This was a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of BTX-A. Twenty five units injected into each temporalis muscle and 50 U injected into each masseter muscle using three sites per muscle with 0.2 cm per sit...

Objective To examine whether pharyngeal swallowing function is impaired in globus patients with swallowing difficulty by dynamic swallowing study. Methods Dynamic swallowing studies were performed on 80 normal adult volunteers and 33 globus patients with swallowing difficulty. Objective parameters such as maximum displacement of the hyoid bone, pharyngeal transit time, pharyngeal constriction...

BACKGROUND The orofacial musculature plays a pivotal role in maintaining a balance in positioning of the teeth and any imbalance which occurs in this , results in malocclusion. Lingual frenum is a soft tissue structure which tethers the ventral surface of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. OBJECTIVE This study was performed to analyze the lingual frenal lengths in skeletal class I, class I...

INTRODUCTION Excessive compressive and shear stresses are likely related to condylar resorption and disc perforation. Few studies have reported the disc displacement and deformation during jaw opening. The aim of this study was to analyze stress distribution in a normal articular disc during the jaw opening movement. METHODS Bilateral MRI images were obtained from the temporomandibular joint ...

Schirmer Engineering Corporation (Schirmer Engineering) was retained by The Fire Protection Research Foundation (FPRF) as a Project Consultant for the project titled “Data Needs for NFPA Automatic Sprinkler Committees.” This report investigates the NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems (2007 Edition) requirements for dry pipe systems having a maximum volume of 500 gallons ...

Introduction: Internal derangement (ID) of TMJ is the most common type of temporomandibular disorders after muscle disorders and includes all disorders related to incoordination and dislocation of disc and condyle. Anterior disc displacement without reduction or closed lock will happen if the disc or condyle displaces severely or if the disc traps in the space in front of the condyle accompanie...

Bundle sheath extensions (BSEs) are key features of leaf structure with currently little-understood functions. To test the hypothesis that BSEs reduce the hydraulic resistance from the bundle sheath to the epidermis (r(be)) and thereby accelerate hydropassive stomatal movements, we compared stomatal responses with reduced humidity and leaf excision among 20 species with heterobaric or homobaric...

Plant growth and development directly depend on several physical variables, such as light, temperature or humidity and also indirectly through the action of pests (pathogens, insects) or pollutants. This dependency results from biological processes such as photosynthesis, mineral root absorption, stomatal opening, or disease development, responding to these physical variables. These responses a...