In a multi-layer interior permanent magnet synchronous motor, the dand q-axis parameters vary nonlinearly according to different load conditions, consequently changing the level of saturation. The flux-linkage of dand q-axis conveys ripple characteristics resulting from mechanical structure and degree of magnetic saturation. If the calculated flux-linkage is correct, the torque using the Maxwel...

Two-dimensional Maxwell-dilaton quantum gravity on AdS2 with radius l and a constant electric field E is studied. In conformal gauge, this is equivalent to a CFT on a strip. In order to maintain consistent boundary conditions, the usual conformal diffeomorphisms must be accompanied by a certain U(1) gauge transformation. The resulting conformal transformations are generated by a twisted stress ...

We use the Maxwell stress tensor to calculate the dielectrophoretic force and electrorotational torque acting on a realistic four-shelled model of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a nonuniform rotating electric field generated by four coplanar square electrodes. The comparison of these results with numerical calculations of the dipolar and quadrupolar contributions obtained from an integra...

In this paper we discuss the force exerted by the field of an optical cavity on a polarizable dipole. We show that the modification of the cavity modes due to interaction with the dipole significantly alters the properties of the force. In particular, all components of the force are found to be non-conservative, and cannot, therefore, be derived from a potential energy. We also suggest a simple...

The enhanced optical forces induced by surface phonon-polariton (SPhP) modes are investigated in different silicon carbide (SiC) nanostructures. Specifically, we calculate optical forces using the Maxwell stress tensor for three different geometries: spherical particles, slab waveguides, and rectangular waveguides. We show that SPhP modes in SiC can produce very large forces, more than one orde...

The confinement and controlled movement of metal nanoparticles and nanorods is an emergent area within optical micromanipulation. In this letter we experimentally realise a novel trapping geometry near the plasmon resonance using an annular light field possessing a helical phasefront that confines the nanoparticle to the vortex core (dark) region. We interpret our data with a theoretical framew...

In this paper a model of the trapping force on nanowires is built by three dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) and Maxwell stress tensor methods, and the tightly focused laser beam is expressed by spherical vector wave functions (VSWFs). The trapping capacities on nanoscale-diameter nanowires are discussed in terms of a strongly focused linearly polarized beam and radially polarize...

Maxwell Stress Tensor (MST) method is investigated in this study to quantify the degree of approximation made with the point–dipole method in respect to dielectrophoresis (DEP) in micro–devices. Latex particles and biological cells immersed in aqueous buffers of various conductivities are considered. The two methods (point–dipole and MST full approaches) are compared using analytical dipolar so...

in classical mechanics, considering hook’s law stress is a linear function of strain. while in strain gradient theory stress is a function of strain and strain differentials. in this paper, novel formulation relating stress and strain and also new boundary conditions are derived based on minimum potential energy principle. in strain gradient theory a length coefficient parameter is defined. thi...

Electrowetting on dielectric-coated electrodes involves two independently observable phenomena: (i) the well-known voltage dependence of the apparent contact angle and (ii) a central electromechanical force that can be exploited to move and manipulate small liquid volumes on a substrate. The electromechanical force does not depend upon field-mediated changes of the contact angle; it is operativ...