Many risk measures have been recently introduced which (for discrete random variables) result in Linear Programs (LP). While some LP computable risk measures may be viewed as approximations to the variance (e.g., the mean absolute deviation or the Gini’s mean absolute difference), shortfall or quantile risk measures are recently gaining more popularity in various financial applications. In this...

Several inequalities are presented which, in part, generalize inequalities by Weinstein and Weiss, giving rise to new lower bounds for the Bayes risk under squared error loss. Consider a Bayesian setting in which y denotes the observed data and θ denotes an unknown scalar parameter. Suppose that E [ (θ − E(θ|y)) |y ] and E [ (θ − E(θ|y)) ] exist. For any estimator δ(y) of θ, E [ (θ − δ(y))|y ] ...

Value at risk (VaR) is an important and widely used measure of the extent to which a given portfolio is subject to risk present in nancial markets. Considerable amount of research was dedicated during recent years to development of acceptable methods for evaluation of this risk measure. In this paper, we present a method of calculating the portfolio which gives the optimal VaR among those, whic...

Absrract-Two nonparametric methods to estimate the Bayes risk using classified sample sets are described and compared. The first method uses the nearest neighbor error rate as an estimate to bound the Bayes risk. The second method estimates the Bayes decision regions by applying Parzen probability-density function estimates and counts errors made using these regions. This estimate is shown to b...

We present a general measure of risk that is rooted in behavioral considerations about the way individuals value uncertain outcomes, and that fulfills fundamental requirements for prescriptive use. The psychological postulate is that, in contemplating a risky situation, individuals care about how they will come out relative to all prospective outcomes of the situation, not just a specific bench...

introduction: the ability to accurately measure forces produced by orthodontic appliances during orthodontic treatment is desirable. the aim of the present study was to compare forces measured by mechanical formulae designed with a software program and those experimentally measured by a dynamometer to find a scientific way to determine the exact amount of activation needed for applying a force ...

There are relatively few experimental studies and risk assessments of the effects on non-target insects from ultra-low volume (ULV) insecticides used for management of adult mosquitoes. Therefore, we evaluated factors that may influence the ability of an insect to intercept the insecticide at the time of application by using Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in field bioassay ex...