Introduction: In Japanese the meaning of free choice is expressed by indeterminate pronouns and the particle mo in comparative environments, as shown in (1). (Note: normally, the meaning of free choice is expressed by indeterminate pronouns plus demo, but demo cannot appear in comparative environments). (1a) and (1b) are different in word order, but semantically, they both have what I call the ...

In other verbs, singular∼plural vowel alternations were not lost, but were simply rearranged. For example, in strong verbs like hëlfen ‘help’, nëmen ‘take’, and geben ‘give’ (classes IIIb, IV and V, respectively) the 1sg formwas rebuilt tomatch the plural, as in (2a) (ibid., §242). The result was a new alternation within the present tense paradigm, parallel to a separate pattern of alternation ...

OBJECTIVES Two cross-sectional studies were undertaken on workers in a beverage processing plant to investigate the association between low H(2)O(2) exposure and symptoms of irritation (2005 study) and to investigate the effect of wearing respiratory protection (2006 study). METHODS The study comprised 69 workers exposed to H(2)O(2) in sterile chambers and 65 unexposed controls. The exposure ...

Progrsss in Linguistics is often made by applying results from one area to a different domain of inquiry. In this articles, I bring together three distinct ideas, independently proposed in the literature in three distinct domains, and show that when taken together, they shed significant light on the properties of Russian scrambling and on word order freedom in general. By bringing together thes...

Negative Concord (NC) is the phenomenon where not every morphosyntactically negative element corresponds to a semantic negation. It has long been noted that NC languages appear to be of different types. Giannakidou (2000) distinguishes Strict NC from Non-strict NC languages. In Strict NC languages every negative indefinite (henceforth n-word, following Laka’s (1990) terminology) must be accompa...

We propose a framework for improving output quality of machine translation systems, by operating on the level of grammar rule features. Our framework aims to give a boost to grammar rules that appear in the derivations of translation candidates that are deemed to be of good quality, hence making those rules more preferable by the system. To that end, we ask human annotators on Amazon Mechanical...