the goal of the current study is to determine the optimal level of advertising beyond which advertising expenditure will not be justified by revenues. to achieve the goal first different types of media were rated by experts as to the degree of their importance. then data ware collected by interviewing the managers and reviewing different media resources. the collected data were then analyzed us...

nowadays, new informational and communicative media, and the rate of their use by individuals have caused deep metamorphoses in the material and non-material dimensions of human lives, and individuals’ mental regulation. the use of these media, especially the internet and virtual social networks, among iranian teenagers has unnoticeably increased, and providing numerous facilities and options m...

media (including books, newspapers & journals/magazines) is one of the most important elements in construction & institutionalization of modern identity. this paper will survey the role and importance of newspapers/journals in the national identity construct. for explaining the relations between these two variables, the following issues will be considered: • the construction of modern national ...

introduction: the media is so important in today’s life which addressing the issue of health without considering the role of the media is impossible. hence understanding the factors related to the use of the media medical programs by the audience, considering the communication capacity and establishing a scientific basis for the use of the media can help the health organizations to be more effe...

introduction: mass media influence the health behaviors of adolescents. evidence shows that traditional strategies such as censorship or limitation are no longer efficient; therefore, teaching media literacy is the best way to protect adolescents from harmful effects. the aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of a media literacy training program on knowledge and behavioral intenti...

abstract background: the children with middle ear effusion need repeated re-tympanostomies. adenoidectomy is an effective surgical intervention in the management of chronic otitis media with effusion in conjunction with in-sertion of tympanostomy tubes (tts). to find out whether tts in different positions decrease the rate of re-tympanostomies study was done. methods: the present study retrospe...

background: hearing loss due to chronic otitis media is common. the purpose of this study was to evaluate hearing before and after canal wall up, canal wall down mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty. methods: from 2004 to 2007, all patients with chronic otitis media who were admitted at the department of otolaryngology, babol medical university were studied. for 126 patients' canal wall up, can...

introduction: the aim of this study was to evaluate the condition of the ossicular chain in patients requiring surgery for cholesteatoma.  materials and methods: in a retrospective analysis, the destruction of the individual and combined bony structures of the ear was described in 166 patients with cholesteatoma who went through surgery in our otology center between 2003 and 2009.  results: tot...