AAA+ proteases utilize ATP hydrolysis to actively unfold substrate proteins and translocate them into a protease chamber for degradation. This activity results in the removal of misfolded control regulatory circuits cells. Among bacterial proteases, FtsH is only membrane-integrated, plays pivotal role membrane protein quality control. ranked as weakest unfoldase among degrading water-soluble su...

introduction: legionnair's disease bacterium is a gram negative, facultative intracellular bacilli which parasitize human alveolar macropages as well as some species of free living amobae. this study was achieved in order to compare the cell wall composition in intracellular bacteria. whole cell and outer membrane proteins and the bacterial lipopolysacharide (lps) were analyzec on sds page syst...

Macroautophagy is characterized by the de novo formation of double-membrane vesicles termed autophagosomes. The precursor structure autophagosomes a membrane cistern called phagophore, which elongates through massive acquisition lipids until closure. phagophore establishes membrane-contact sites (MCSs) with endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where conserved ATG proteins belonging to ATG9 lipid scrambl...

Different Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains produce a broad variety of pore-forming toxins (PFTs) that show toxicity against insects and other invertebrates. Some these insecticidal PFT proteins have been used successfully worldwide to control diverse insect crop pests. There are several studies focused on describing the mechanism action helped improve their performance cope with resistance e...

Membrane remodeling of targeted host cells is a necessary action for successful bacterial subversion the host. This includes formation membrane ruffles pathogen entry or reprogramming endomembranes during intracellular trafficking. The importance BAR domain-containing proteins in such diverse cellular functions highlights their hijacking by pathogens. Given implication variety functions, as end...