BACKGROUND Parasympathetic innervation of meninges and ability of carbachol, acetylcholine (ACh) receptor (AChR) agonist, to induce headaches suggests contribution of cholinergic mechanisms to primary headaches. However, neurochemical mechanisms of cholinergic regulation of peripheral nociception in meninges, origin place for headache, are almost unknown. METHODS Using electrophysiology, calc...

A mixture of ketamine, xylazine, and butorphanol was inadvertently injected into the right carotid artery of a 1-year-old alpaca. Injection was followed by a brief period of recumbency and seizure activity. The alpaca recovered, but was euthanatized 72 hr later because of development of progressive neurologic deficits. Pathologic findings were confined to the right cerebrum, meninges, thalamus,...

Comment. The results suggest that in nonglaucomatous monkey globes, the CCT and the peripheral corneal thickness are not significantly correlated with the thickness of the lamina cribrosa in the center or at the periphery of the optic nerve head. They are also not associated with the thickness of the peripapillary sclera inside the optic nerve meninges or just outside the meninges. Confirming f...

We report a case of solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the meninges. SFTs have been initially described in the pleura. SFTs show similar histological findings as in other locations. SFTs show a diffuse positive staining for vimentin and CD34. Meningeal SFTs have usually a favourable outcome. These tumors have to be essentially distinguished from hemangiopericytomas and fibrous meningiomas. Immunos...

S ARCOIDOSIS is considered to be a granulomatous process that affects multiple systems. Neurologic symptoms develop in 1% to 2% of cases with Boeck’s sarcoid.’ Although the neurologic presentation has been uncommon, granulomas have been observed in up to 14% of patients with sarcoid at autopsy.’ The purpose of this presentation is to demonstrate the protean manifestations of sarcoidosis within ...

Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) is a relatively rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) which has an aggressive course with an extremely poor prognosis. Here we report on a case of CDC in a 29-year-old woman who showed rapid disease progression with some uncommon clinical features including extensive vertebral metastases and invasion of the spinal meninges. The patient developed paraplegia a...

A major feature of Neisseria meningitidis is its ability to invade human brain meninges. To access the meninges, the bacteria must cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is one of the tightest barriers in the body. Therefore, N. meningitidis must have evolved some type of sophisticated means to bypass the physical properties of this cellular barrier. As N. meningitidis is encapsulated when ...