Purpose: The study was conducted to survey the knowledge and behavioural practices of food handlers in bukas (a type of local restaurant) in Nigeria with the aim of assessing the hygiene practices of food handlers and whether they were knowledgeable about typhoid fever and its mode of transmission. Methods: One hundred and seventy four (174) Respondents were administered questionnaires on their...

Typhoid is a severe, contagious and life-threatening disease associated with fever that is most often caused by the typhoid bacillus, Salmonella enterica, serovar Typhus. Typhoid fever is transmitted by ingestion of food, including dairy products, or water contaminated by excreta from patients or chronic by infected persons. It mostly affects school-age children. In adults and older people, typ...

Typhoid is a food-borne fatal disease caused by Salmonella typhi. It causes inflammation of the intestine, resulting in diarrhoea, fever, headache, cough, and muscle pain. Improved hygiene has resulted marked decline typhoid fever cases many developed countries. However, significant emerge low middle-income countries annually, including Pakistan. accounts for larger percentage acute febrile ill...

Salmonella Typhi is an exclusive human pathogen that causes typhoid fever. Typhoid toxin is a S. Typhi virulence factor that can reproduce most of the typhoid fever symptoms in experimental animals. Toxicity depends on toxin binding to terminally sialylated glycans on surface glycoproteins. Human glycans are unusual because of the lack of CMAH, which in other mammals converts N-acetylneuraminic...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Ileal perforation is a serious complication of typhoid fever. The exact reasons for the development of perforation in only a few of those infected with Salmonella Typhi is unknown, and it is likely that immunological factors are involved. Therefore we undertook this study to compare the antibody profile in patients with uncomplicated typhoid fever with those having ileal ...

Results of a single Widal test in patients with bacteriologically confirmed typhoid fever (116), clinically suggestive but culture negative fever (170) and non-typhoidal febrile illness (98) and in normal control children (54) were analysed. Positive Widal test (antibody titre against S. typhi O antigen of 1:160) was recorded in 61.2 per cent of patients with bacteriologically confirmed typhoid...

Typhoid fever being a systemic infection can present in a multitude of ways, involving various systems. Here we describe a case of typhoid fever presenting with acute cerebellar ataxia and marked thrombocytopenia. This atypical presentation is not common in typhoid fever and can lead to misdiagnosis as well as a delay in the initiation of appropriate therapy. Prompt clinical improvement and the...

The salmonellae are primarily intestinal pathogens. The clinical picture after infection may vary from gastro-enteritis to "typhoid-like" illness, to intestinal upset followed by septicaemia. This septicaemic phase may localize to produce meningitis, osteitis, pneumonia, focal abscess. In addition, a septicaemic form occurs without any obvious preceding intestinal involvement; this form eventua...