Since 2001, many studies by different investigators have demonstrated that the fallopian tube might be at the origin of most high-grade ovarian and peritoneal serous carcinomas. Simple changes in surgical practice (ie, prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy instead of salpingo-oophorectomy) could have significant implications for death from ovarian cancer and, on the other hand, for the morbidity...

Abstract The homeostasis of calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) is disturbed during menopause. present study aimed to determine the effects Ca-enriched pumpkin on Fe status in ovariectomized rats. A total 48 female Wistar rats were divided into six groups. One group was fed a standard diet (C), while other five groups (OVX), lactate (CaL_OVX), lactate-enriched (PCaL_OVX), alendronate (CaL_OVX_B), (PCaL_...

Lung tissue elastic recoil and the dimension and number of pulmonary gas-exchange units (alveoli) are major determinants of gas-exchange function. Loss of gas-exchange function accelerates after menopause in the healthy aged and is progressively lost in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The latter, a disease of midlife and later, though more common in men than in wo...

Removal or impairment of ovaries before menopause may affect a woman's breast cancer risk by altering her cumulative exposure to ovarian hormones. The Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study, a population-based, multicenter case-control study of incident invasive breast cancer, recruited women aged 35-64 years (4,490 cases and 4,611 controls) who provided data on ovariectomy, h...

Deterioration of pelvic support and urinary and fecal control in women occurs after the menopause but it is not clear whether these manifestations are age or hormone related. Furthermore, it is not known whether estrogen deficiency after the menopause accelerates the adverse effects of biological ageing on female pelvic support and urinary and fecal continence mechanisms. This hypothesis can be...

Background/aim: Fecal incontinence (FI) generally occurs with anal sphincter damage caused by vaginal delivery in women, obvious FI can develop the postmenopausal stage. This pelvic floor dysfunction has no rational medical therapeutic options. We investigated effect of testosterone treatment on structure, serum thiol/disulfide levels, uterine tissue, and body composition female rats an experim...

Estrogen facilitates higher cognitive functions by exerting effects on brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Estrogen induces spinogenesis and synaptogenesis in these two brain regions and also initiates a complex set of signal transduction pathways via estrogen receptors (ERs). Along with the classical genomic effects mediated by activation of ER α and ER β, there are me...

Exercise that mechanically loads the skeleton is advocated when young to enhance lifelong bone health. Whether the skeletal benefits of elevated loading when young persist into adulthood and after menopause are important questions. This study investigated the influence of a surgically induced menopause in female Sprague-Dawley rats on the lifelong maintenance of the cortical bone benefits of sk...

BACKGROUND Several studies suggest that changes in estrogens and androgens during menopause play a role in the regulation of leptin production. Some authors present hypothesis that sex hormone replacement therapy can modulate leptin levels but up to date evidence shows that the influence of endogenous estrogens, androgens levels and sex hormone therapy on leptin concentration remains uncertain....

The article by Kotsopoulos and colleagues (1) shows that oophorectomy significantly decreased the incidence of breast cancer in carriers of deleterious BRCA mutations, with OR, 0.52 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.40–0.66]. This is an important result. The authors, however, wrongly interpreted their results writing that "women who underwent surgical menopause had a 48% decrease in the risk of ...