abstract introductiion. there are a lot of edentulous patients who need complete dentures in any society. one of the most important problems of edentulous patients is remaining dental lesions. atrophy of maxillary or mandibular bone, infections abcesses, tumors and so on are among some other problems. in this study we tried to evaluate the panoramic radiography in order to detect these problems...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to review the literature of how to identify the mental foramen, mandibular incisive canal and associated neurovascular bundles during implant surgery and how to detect and avoid the damage of these vital structures during implant therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Literature was selected through a search of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane electronic data...

Seventy-five adult human mandibles were examined to determine the size, orientation, and position of the mental foramen. The average size of the foramen was found to be larger on the left side of the mandible and its usual direction of exit was in a posterior-superior direction. The most common location of the mental foramen was inferior to the crown of the second premolar and approximately 60%...

The aim of the study is toreview the anatomical variations of supraorbital, Infraorbital and mental foramen related to gender and side in the dry skull. From our review, we found that supraorbital foramen lies 23.9mm right and 25.6mm left from the nasion approximately. Similarly we found that Infraorbital foramen lies in the maxillary bone lower to the edge of the orbital canal and it is bilate...

PURPOSE This study was performed to determine the position of the mental foramen relative to the apices of the teeth based on panoramic radiographs in a Moroccan population. We also analyzed gender differences and the symmetry of location within individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven hundred ninety-four panoramic radiographs were evaluated with regard to the location and symmetry of the men...

Background: The position and its morphological variations of Mental Foramen are very important because it will be helpful to localize the important maxillofacial neurovascular bundle passing through. It is landmark to facilitate surgical, local anaesthetic and other invasive procedures for dental surgeons performing peri-apical surgery in the mental region of mandible. Aims & Objective: To Stud...

Accurate information regarding the vertical location and appearance of the mental foramen, and the presence of accessory foramina, can have clinical significance, such as reducing complications that may occur during many oral surgical procedures involving the mental area. Geographic variations were reported in these variables. The aim was to evaluate the above-mentioned variables in an Iraqi sa...