In this review, the characteristics of gut microbiota changes in 11 metabolic diseases, as well research progress on their interventions, are summarized. The contributes to diseases through intestinal mucosal dysfunction, chronic inflammatory response, brain axis imbalance, gene regulation, insulin resistance, and action its metabolites. researches cause effect relationship mechanism relatively...

the month of ramadan, as a model of intermittent fasting, is a valuable opportunity to investigate the effects of dietary modifications on human metabolism. fasting improves insulin sensitivity, reduces atherogenic risk, oxidative stress, and inflammation. inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of different disorders including atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular di...

introduction: metabolic syndrome constitutes a cluster of risk factors such as obesity, hyperglycemia,  hypertension, and dyslipidemia, which increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type ii diabetes mellitus. in this review article, we aimed to discuss the possible effects of fasting and regular physical activity on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.  methods: online databases i...