Metaphorical expressions very often involve words referring to physical entities and experiences. Yet, figures of speech such as metaphors are not intended to be understood literally, word-by-word. We used event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to determine whether metaphorical expressions are processed more like physical or more like abstract expressions. To this end, novel adjective-noun word ...

In this paper, we revisit Donald Schön’s scholarly work on “handling uncertainty”, suggesting that in order to cope reasonably well with uncertainty, practitioners should be encouraged to take a reflective existential stance, aimed to explore their own tacit personal style (i.e., theories-in-use). They should (i) recall and reflect on their theories-in-use to bear on the phenomenon, (ii) metaph...

A newly emerging stream of research suggests creativity can be fruitfully explored, not as an outcome variable, but as a contributor to the general cognitive and behavioral responding of the individual. In this paper, we extend this nascent area of research on the consequences of creativity by showing that working on a creative task can contribute to feelings of liberation— feelings that can he...

There is an expression that “soccer is the most important unimportant thing in the world.” Although everyone admits it is “only a game,” enormous importance is attached to it. Social significance of this sport is so great that it inevitably affects the health of people. In one of the most extreme examples, a disagreement at a soccer match sparked a war between two Central American countries, le...

In this article, we offer a critical view of Thibodeau and Boroditsky who report an effect of metaphorical framing on readers' preference for political measures after exposure to a short text on the increase of crime in a fictitious town: when crime was metaphorically presented as a beast, readers became more enforcement-oriented than when crime was metaphorically framed as a virus. We argue th...

This article discusses the ways sound design in film guides the emotional affect of both sound and pictures on the viewer. Following the theory of conceptual metaphors, the article proposes an approach to “audiovisual metaphors,” analyzing emotional and embodied aspects of film sound. It states that pictures and sound have to share emotional and physical characteristics that can be merged by so...

WAR as a vehicle and Sport Is War as a conceptual metaphor (CM) seem inadequate to account metaphorically for SPORT. To cater for an inclusive vehicle/CM, we selected WIN and LOSS lexicon from the news coverage of Brazil’s football team loss to Germany and tested them through the Corpus of Contemporary American English. Then, the data were studied through the 3 stages of metaphor research. In t...

233 Last year saw the posthumous publication of Stephen Jay Gould’s last volume, The Hedgehog, the Fox and the Magister’s Pox (Gould, 2003) with the subtitle ‘Mending and minding the misconceived gap between science and the humanities’. The two protagonists were chosen to represent metaphorically a stereotypical disparity between two different ways of ‘knowing’ or looking at nature. The hedgeho...

As a highly customer-sensitive business, retailing is one of the most socially active industries. Nevertheless, when addressing retailers as brands, the retailing literature has failed to account for their unique social orientation, exposing a gap in the literature. This paper utilizes the sociological view of brands to socially construct a conceptual retail brand model from the customer standp...

The concept of a “dynamic frame” is introduced for use in the analysis of event structure. It is the external boundary metaphorically encircling a perceived event which determines the temporal scale on which the event is interpreted. The dynamic frame is used in two examples to simplify the analysis of English phenomena: 1) it is shown that semelfactive verbs can be considered a special case of...