In computer graphics, smooth data reconstruction on 2D or 3D manifolds usually refers to subdivision problems. Such a method is only valid based on dense sample points. The manifold usually needs to be triangulated into meshes (or patches) and each node on the mesh will have an initial value. While the mesh is refined the algorithm will provide a smooth function on the redefined manifolds. Howe...

Development economists have superseded any necessity of using Arrow’s methodological individualism (MI) in focusing on cross-cultural, cross-national, or developmental economics. This study examines whether analysis of cross-cultural economic models might include a concept of economic generosity as a type of economic structuration that deviates from MI principles and is closer to what economist...

Reacting to the original papers outlining the importance of “social mechanisms,” thispaper contrasts two views of the social process, the mechanismal and the relational. In the sourceshere analyzed, the mechanismal perspective is largely based on methodological individualismand generally presupposes rational, or at least intentional, action. A fundamental assumption ofthis appro...

Randomised trials vary in methodological quality, and flaws in trial conduct can lead to biased estimation of the intervention effect. If a meta-analysis makes no allowance for methodological flaws, there’s a danger that the results could be biased and over-precise, or that some lowerquality trials could be given too much influence in the meta-analysis. Cochrane review authors now use a specifi...

This article presents a theoretical foundation for marketing based on the ideas of the Austrian school of economists. After a discussion of the methodological foundations of Austrian economics, which reject the statistical and experimental methods of the physical sciences as the means to verify theory in the social sciences, the article presents the Austrians' principle of methodological indivi...

Intelligent Design Theory (ID) has been much maligned recently as Neo-Creationist pseudoscience. This paper looks briefly at the common arguments used against ID, including arguments from methodological naturalism (MN), falsifiability, productivity, and religious fundamentalism. Ultimately it goes on to explain why the theory could be beneficial to our society today and suggests a need for a me...

Triangle meshes remain the most popular data representation for surface geometry. This ubiquitous is essentially a hybrid one that decouples continuous vertex locations from discrete topological triangulation. Unfortunately, combinatorial nature of triangulation prevents taking derivatives over space possible meshings any given surface. As result, to date, mesh processing and optimization techn...

in recent years a variety of system models for providing community based health care services for the elderly has been envisioned and implemented in the developed countries which meet the special care needs of different groups of elders. in iran as a developing country, a considerable percentage of old people live in the society need to receive specialized care and health services. in order to ...