The effect of dose and volume of a perimuscular injection of Bothrops jararacussu venom on myonecrosis of skeletal muscle was studied in mice. An increase of the venom dose (0.25 to 2.0 micro g/g) at a given volume (50 micro l) resulted in an increase in plasma creatine kinase (CK) levels 2 h after injection. Plasma CK activity increased from the basal level of 129.27 +/- 11.83 (N = 20) to 2392...

Aromatic plants are rich in essential oils with considerable antimicrobial properties.The aim of this study was to investigate chemical composition, antimicrobial activity and antioxidant properties of Melissa officinalis and Deracocephalum moldavica essential oils (EOs). The identification of chemical constituents of the EOs was carried out using gas chromato-graphy-mass spec...

Load theory of attention proposes that distractor processing is reduced in tasks with high perceptual load that exhaust attentional capacity within task-relevant processing. In contrast, tasks of low perceptual load leave spare capacity that spills over, resulting in the perception of task-irrelevant, potentially distracting stimuli. Tsal and Benoni (2010) find that distractor response competit...

Peppermint with antiseptic and known healing properties is a plant from the Labiatae family. In this study, we analyzed the chemical composition of essential oil from the flowering aerial part of peppermint by GC and GC/MS. Its antimicrobial activity was evaluated against bacteria, fungi and yeast by micro broth dilution assay. The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) and FIC Index (FICI) ...

The micro-fungal flora of heavy metals contaminated peri-urban agricultural fields of Pakistan were investigated in terms of their diversity by soil serial dilution method. A total of 30 micro-fungi were isolated from 6 sampling sites. Of these isolates 24 belong to phylum Ascomycota, 3 to phylum Zygomycota, 2 to phylum Basidiomycota and 1 to phylum Deuteromycota. The most widespread genus was ...

Efavirenz is a drug with an absorption window. Its oral bioavailability is 40-50%. The aim of this work was to formulate solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system to improve the solubility and bioavailability of efavirenz. Solubility of Efavirenz was determined in various vehicles like oils, surfactants and co surfactants. Which, upon dilution with aqueous media, spontaneously form fine oil i...

Microneutralization tests for detection of antibody in bovine serum to three bovine viruses are described. The Madin-Darby bovine kidney cell line was used with parainfluenza 3 virus (PI 3), whereas serially cultivated bovine embryonic kidney cells were used for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and bovine virus diarrhea virus. Comparison of micro-hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) with mic...