Management of water quality has been applied mainly to receiving waters contaminated by point sources of human pollution. Waters affected by point sources of pollution are usually subject to regulation, because the pollution frequently impacts bathing beaches or shellfish harvesting waters, as well as drinking-water supplies. Water resources contaminated by dispersed, unidentified sources of po...

Intracellular bacteria and viruses must survive the vigorous antimicrobial responses of their hosts to replicate successfully. The cellular process of autophagy — in which compartments bound by double membranes engulf portions of the cytosol and then mature to degrade their cytoplasmic contents — is likely to be one such host-cell response. Several lines of evidence show that both bacteria and ...

chemical foundation of these disciplines. The author avoids the principal pedagogic sin of talking, in an equal tone of voice, of subjects of widely varying importance. This is clearly one man's account, but it is balanced, reasonable, and so lucid that one can read it with pleasure. It is a pity that the production of the book is not of as high a standard as its contents. In the review copy a ...

Microbial colonization and alteration of basaltic glass J. Einen, C. Kruber, L. Øvreås, I. H. Thorseth, and T. Torsvik Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Jahnebakken 5, N-5020 Bergen, Norway Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allegt. 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway Received: 20 December 2005 – Accepted: 5 January 2006 – Published: 7 March 2006 Correspondence to: J. Einen (jo...

The exact nature and function of the metachromatic (volutin) granules seen in many microorganisms is still a matter of conjecture although polymetaphosphates (polymers of highenergy anhydride-linked phosphates) are a known constituent. The object of this paper is to re-examine volutin as a cytological entity, and to present a working hypothesis on the mechanism of formation of this substance. T...

A stud) of the availability of the vitamins and amino acids esser ial for Lactobacillu8 plantarum in cucumber fermentations (Costilow and Fabian, 1953b) indicated that the concentrations of some of these nutrients were influenced by the microflora present. Therefore, a survey was made of two species of bacteria and four yeast species that have been found to be most active in cucumber fermentati...

INTRODUCTION .......... ....................................... 320 THE THERMOPHILIC MICROORGANISMS .......... ......................... 321 POSSIBLE MECHANISMS OF SURVIVAL .......... .......................... 322 Lipids ................................................. 322 Rapid Resynthesis ............ ..................................... 322 Thermally Stable Macromolecules ...................

September 2006 | Volume 4 | Issue 9 | e299 One of the organizing principles of life on Earth is that cells cooperate. This is evident in the case of multicellular organisms, from nematodes to humans, but it also appears to apply widely among single-celled organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and amoeba. In many cases, the label “single-celled” applies to only part of the life cycle of these organ...