Systems biology seeks not only to discover the machinery of life but to understand how such machinery is used for control, i.e., for regulation that achieves or maintains a desired, useful end. This sort of goal-directed, engineering-centered approach also has deep historical roots in developmental biology. Not surprisingly, developmental biology is currently enjoying an influx of ideas and met...

Caterina Longo, MD, PhD; H. Peter Soyer, MD; Patrizia Pepe, MD; Alice Casari, MD; Elisabeth M. T. Wurm, MD; Pascale Guitera, MD; Giovanni Pellacani, MD; Dermatology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova (Drs Longo and Pellacani), and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (Drs Longo, Pepe, Casari, and Pellacani), Reggio Emilia, Italy; The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Princess Alex...

Fig.2 Motion pattern required at microscopic operation

Some of the phenotypic characteristics of a slow-growing, nongerminating variant of a commonly studied strain of Candida albicans are described. The variant arose as a chance isolate. The rate of occurrence was about 0 X 1% and the reversion rate was about 1 per 10(6) cells. The colony size was typically smaller than that of the parent and the yeast cells tended not to separate from one another...

The influence of ethylene on growth in etiolated lupine (Lupinus albus L.) hypocotyls was studied in ethephon-treated plants. Ethephon reduced the length and increased the diameter of hypocotyls. At the end of the hypocotyl growth period (14 days), the fresh weight was reduced by 53%, and the dry weight was reduced by 16%. Thus, ethylene reduced water uptake in the tissues to a greater extent t...

Intrabiliary metastasis from colorectal carcinoma (CRC) growing within or invading bile ducts is not a very common pattern. However, accurate diagnosis of metastatic lesions is very important for selection of adjuvant therapy and prognosis. We report a case of 71-year-old male who developed painless jaundice due to hepatobiliary obstruction. MRI demonstrated 1.4 cm intraductal mass at hepatic h...

Abundant myxoid stroma rarely occurs in urothelial carcinomas, and may cause diagnostic challenges when cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm forming nests and cords in a myxoid background are seen, particularly in the absence of typical carcinomatous appearance. Microscopic examination of transurethral resection specimen of a 71-year-old male patient revealed non-cohesive oval or elongated tumor c...