The authors report the rates of obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, and macrovascular and microvascular complications among Mohawks of Kahnawake, PQ, who have non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The data were derived from a study comparing rates of macrovascular and microvascular complications among the diabetic subjects and a nondiabetic group matched for age and sex. Th...

Diabetes is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, stroke, acute myocardial infarction, blindness, and renal failure. Strategies to reduce their occurrence are an essential focus of patient care. More than one pathogenic process is involved, and genetics influence the risk. Hyperglycemia is a factor in the development of microvascular and possibly macr...

Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of morbidity and death in the United States. Type 2 diabetes mellitus accounts for the majority of affected persons (90% to 95%) and affects older adults, particularly those older than 50 years of age. It affects an estimated 16 million Americans, 11 million of whom have both diabetes and hypertension (1). Most adverse diabetes outcomes are a result of vascu...

Long-term or untreated diabetes leads to micro- and macrovascular complications. However, there are few tests to evaluate microvascular function. A postcontraction blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique was exploited to measure peripheral microvascular function in diabetics and healthy controls matched with respect to age, body mass index, and physical ac...

D iabetes is at epidemic proportions in the U.S. Patients with diabetes are at increased risk for microand macrovascular complications. The benefit of glycemic control in decreasing the risk for microvascular disease is well established. However, the role of glycemic control in decreasing macrovascular complications has been controversial. Several large clinical trials looking at this issue hav...

In the United States, nearly 13% of adults aged 20 years and older have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and its prevalence is still increasing (1,2). Microvascular and macrovascular abnormalities are common in patients with T2DM and are related to the severity and duration of hyperglycemia (3–5). Thus, treatment of hyperglycemia is an important way to prevent or delay diabetic vascular complic...

Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading metabolic disorders in last few decades, affecting larger population world both developed and developing countries. In diabetes there reduced secretion and/or action to disturbance metabolism glucose. The prolonged hyperglycemia causes several microvascular macrovascular complications, which are cause death. Although prevalence high, majority people remai...

Recent large clinical trials have shown that intensive glycemic control can reduce microvascular complications, but appropriate and safe glycemic goals to improve macrovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes remain poorly defined. This article surveys recent epidemiologic studies and interventional trials, examines the current understanding of the natural history of type 2 diabetes, ...