mL of the distillate with 10 mL of 25 mmol/L H2S04 solution and rinsed the outside of the adapter with a little water.

The invention of the spark-ignited internal combustion engine provided a market for a petroleum middle distillate, gasoline, about 100 years ago. The internal combustion engine and gasoline have co-evolved until motor vehicles now annually consume about 110 billion gallons of gasoline in the United States. Continuing air pollution problems and resulting regulatory pressures are driving the need...

A dibenzothiophene (DBT)-desulfurizing bacterial strain was isolated and identified as Gordona strain CYKS1. Strain CYKS1 was found to transform DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl via the 4S pathway and to be able to also use organic sulfur compounds other than DBT as a sole sulfur source. Its desulfurization activity was susceptible to sulfate repression. Active resting cells for desulfurization could b...

Hydrocracking has great importance in present day refining due to strict environmental and norms of quality of fuel. In recent years the demand for middle distillate and gasoline has increased tremendously while that of heavy gas has decreased. In the present work we have modeled and then applied five lump scheme to hydrocracker reactor. The first order kinetics was assumed for the conversion i...

We attempt to determine the impact of production decisions on the price of heating oil. A model for the production of distillate fuel oil is proposed. Its solution, obtained using stochastic dynamic programming, closely matches history. By perturbing the problem in a deliberate manner, we can determine the value of additional units of inventory by examining diierences in costs. Using these diie...

Low-viscosity marine fuel oil that is obtained from the products of residual raw materials and middle distillate fractions intended for use in ship engines instead a diesel fuel. A real-world application this new composition great importance proposed low-viscosity created by compounding mixture distillates accordance with following parameters. The should contain vacuum fraction 420-490°C, 350-4...

In this study, beta nanozeolite, ultra-stable Y zeolite (USY) and amorphous silica-alumina (ASA) were synthesized. These compounds were used as the support of hydrocracking catalyst. Ni-Mo/beta zeolite-ASA and Ni-Mo/USY zeolite-ASA catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method. The samples were characterized with X-Ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM)...

Balanced equations of a binary mixture for molecular distillation (MD) were derived on the basis of relation of heat and mass transfer in liquid films on both the evaporating and condensing surface. Effects of feed temperature and condenser temperature on film thickness, film surface temperature and concentration, degree of evaporation and concentration of distillate were analyzed for MD. The l...

Biodiesel produced from vegetable oils, animal fats and algae oil is a renewable, environmentally friendly and clean alternative fuel that reduces pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions in marine applications. This study investigates the influence of biodiesel blend on the characteristics of residual and distillate marine fuels. Adequate correlation equations are applied to calculate the fuel ...