To reduce electricity consumption in hierarchical management of fabrication, it is necessary to take into account the activity managers associated with presence their own targets. A three-level model managing production considered. At its top level superior who evaluates executive at middle level. bottom system director fabrication. The must manage such a way as save electricity. But knows elec...

We conducted a qualitative study of Nokia to understand its rapid downfall over the 2005–2010 period from its position as a world-dominant and innovative technology organization. We found that top and middle managers’ shared emotions during the smartphone innovation process caused cycles of behaviors that harmed both the process and its outcome. Together, organizational attention structures and...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to gain insight into nurse managers’ stress experiences and coping strategies in order to better support them. Design: A qualitative exploratory descriptive research design was used in this study. Subject: Fifteen nurse managers participated in this study. Results: Three descriptive themes related to nurse managers’ occupational stress were identified: r...

The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of the variation in Czech managers’ pay levels. Among the questions we attempt to answer are: Are the managers in state-owned firms compensated differently than those in private owned firms? How much of the difference in pay is explained by differences in individual characteristics and job levels? What is the importance of the regional lo...