MitEv, J. E., Zh. i. GErGovska and tch. M. MitEva, 2012. Effect of teat end hyperkeratosis on milk somatic cell counts in Bulgarian Black-and-White dairy cattle. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 18: 451-454 the aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between teat end hyperkeratosis score and somatic cell counts in milk in dairy cattle at different lactations. Five hundred Holstein cattle from...

MicroRNAs (miRs, miRNAs) play central roles in gene regulation. Previously, we reported that miRNAs from pasteurized, store-bought bovine milk have biological activity in humans. Here we assessed the effects of milk processing, storage, somatic cell content, and handling by consumers on the degradation of miRNAs in milk; we also quantified miRNAs in dairy products. Pasteurization and homogeniza...

The dairy farmer has the responsibility of producing milk under clean and hygienic conditions, employing appropriate techniques to clean and disinfect the milking equipment and the milking parlour. The ability of raw milk to retain its quality under storage, and the safety of the product for the consumer, can both be directly related to the bacterial content of the milk. In most countries, bact...

The microscope has been used to observe and count bacteria and somatic cells in raw milk since the early 1900’s. It has proven to be a valuable tool to the dairy industry. The milk smear procedure in use today is outlined in detail in the most recent edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products (i.e., SMEDP, 17 ed) and other references. For somatic cell counting, the Direct...

Mastitis is an inflammatory reaction of the mammary tissue in response to the introduction and multiplication of pathogens and is characterized by increasing somatic cell count (SCC) in milk. The main objective of present study is to assess the probable associations between somatic cell (SC) levels and calcium and phosphorus and ratio of Ca/P in raw milk. Milk samples were collected from indivi...

In May 2014, the Utah Public Health Laboratory (UPHL) notified the Utah Department of Health (UDOH) of specimens from three patients infected with Campylobacter jejuni yielding indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. All three patients had consumed raw (unpasteurized and nonhomogenized) milk from dairy A. In Utah, raw milk sales are legal from farm to consumer with a...

Somatic cells are present in the milk throughout lactation and consist of leukocytes and epithelial cells exfoliated from the mammary epithelium. Our objective was to determine the efficacy of using somatic cells from goat milk for dynamic studies of gene expression in the mammary gland. Over a 4-wk interval, cells were isolated from daily morning milk samples and samples taken 30 min after mil...

currently, somatic cell count (scc) and bacterial culture are considered as the gold standard of detecting subclinical mastitis. mastitis leads to proliferation of lymphocytes in the supramammary lymph nodes and subsequent enlargement of ipsilateral lymph node. ultrasonography can be used to survey these changes. a portable ultrasound machine with a 2-5 mhz convex transducer was used to identif...