the determination of the ultimate pit limit (upl) is the first step in the open pit mine planning process. in this stage that parts of the mineral deposit that are economic to mine are determined. there are several mathematical, heuristic and meta-heuristic algorithms to determine upl. the optimization criterion in these algorithms is maximization of the total profit whilst satisfying the...

Article 26 sets out detailed requirements of the license applications for mining minerals from deposits. These include, in particular, information about mineral deposit, way and size mining, t he r ights to use land a nd right geological information. A n appendix such application is “deposit development plan”, determining rational deposit environmental protection. Similar apply underground non-...

Remote sensing plays an important role in mineral exploration. One of its proven applications is extracting host-rock lithology and alteration zones that are related to porphyry copper deposits. An Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) was used to map the Baogutu porphyry deposit alteration area. A circular alteration mineral zoning pattern was clearly observed ...

The development of the World Wide Web has revolutionised research and education in many scientific fields. Of particular interest to geo-scientists is the ability to link animated 3-dimensional (3D) models to Web documents, a facility that has arisen out of developments in the field of advanced computer graphics, computer animation and virtual reality. The use of the Virtual Reality Modeling La...

nakhlak lead mine is located at the nakhlak mountain 55 km ne of anarak town in isfahan province. the mineralogy is simple; galena and barite are the main primary minerals and cerussite is the main secondary mineral. sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite-tennantite and acanthite occur as minor and trace mineral inclusions in galena. secondary minerals are anglesite, plattnerite, wulfen...