This study evaluated the economic impact of health events associated with air pollution in Brazilian metropolitan regions. From the estimated mortality attributable to concentrations of particulate matter (PM) in 29 metropolitan areas, with a total of 20,050 deaths, the costs associated with mortality were calculated by means of the use of DALY (Disability Adjusted Life Years) methodology. The ...

BACKGROUND Chronic particulate matter (PM) exposure is correlated to various health effects, even at low amounts. WHO has defined PM concentration limits as daily and annual mean values which were made legally binding in the European Union. While many studies have focused on PM concentrations in special environments, little is known about the average PM- exposure for both employees and passenge...

24-hour samples of pm1 (submicron particles, aerodynamic diameters ≤1 μm) and pm2.5(fine particles, aerodynamic diameters ≤ 2.5 μm) were collected at a quasi-rural area in racibórz (1 january-30 june 2011). the samples were analysed for carbon (organic and elemental), water-soluble ions (na+,nh4 +, k+, mg2+, ca2+, cl-, no3 -, so4 2-) and concentrations of 21 elements with a carbon analyser (sun...

Several studies have shown the association between ambient particulate matter (PM) and adverse health effects and climate change, thus highlighting the need to limit the anthropogenic sources of PM. PM Exposure is commonly monitored as mass concentration of PM10 (particle aerodynamic diameter < 10μm) or PM2.5 (particle aerodynamic diameter < 2.5μm), although increasing toxicity with decreasing ...

3. Applicable Pollutants: Submicron Particulate Matter (PM) greater than or equal to 0.3 micrometer (μm) in aerodynamic diameter, and PM greater than or equal to 0.12 μm in aerodynamic diameter that is chemically, biologically, or radioactively toxic; hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) that are in particulate form, such as most metals (mercury is the notable exception, as a significant portion of ...

In recent years, the haze occurs frequently and air pollution is getting worse in Beijing-TianjinHebei Region, China. The particulate matter pollution characteristic researches are playing a significant role especially in the districts where have higher concentration PM and air pollution. In this study, we collected daily particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5) mass concentration data from 7 air pollu...

Epidemiologic studies have shown that ambient particulate matter (PM) has adverse effects on cardiovascular health. Effective mitigation of the health effects requires identification of the most harmful PM sources. The objective of our study was to evaluate relative effects of fine PM [aerodynamic diameter<or=2.5 microm (PM2.5)] from different sources on exercise-induced ischemia. We collected ...

RATIONALE Ambient particulate matter has been associated with systemic inflammation indicated by blood markers such as fibrinogen, implicated in promoting atherothrombosis. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the fibrinogen genes modified the relationship between ambient particles and plasma fibrinogen. METHODS In 854 myocardial infarction s...

BACKGROUND Greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation policies can provide ancillary benefits in terms of short-term improvements in air quality and associated health benefits. Several studies have analyzed the ancillary impacts of GHG policies for a variety of locations, pollutants, and policies. In this paper we review the existing evidence on ancillary health benefits relating to air pollution from var...