This paper studies the impact of fuel-cell (FC) performance and control strategies on the benefits of hybridization. One of the main weak points of the FC is slow dynamics dominated by a temperature and fuel-delivery system. Although many researchers have investigated the use of different powertrain topologies, component sizes, and control strategies in fuel cell vehicles, a detailed parametric...

This paper develops a global model of climate policy, focusing on the choice between tax and cap-and-trade solutions. We assume that the world can be split into two regions, with two fuels that both lead to carbon emissions. Region A consumes all fuels, and is responsible for defining and implementing climate policy. Region B produces all of fuel 1 (oil), while fuel 2 (interpreted as either coa...

according to the global fuel crisis, it seems necessary to use alternative fuel instead of gasoline. since the natural gas is cheaper, have higher frequency than gasoline and less pollution, it is a suitable fuel. many efforts have been done in order to replace gasoline with natural gas. one of the methods is to inject natural gas and gasoline fuel simultaneously and to use the benefits of both...

To meet increasingly stringent emission regulations modern internal combustion engines require highly accurate control of the air-to-fuel ratio. The performance of the conventional air-to-fuel ratio feedback loop is limited by the combustion delay between fuel injection and engine exhaust, and by the transport delay for the exhaust gas to propagate to the air-to-fuel ratio sensor location. The ...

energy management is one of the main ways of the efficient use of energy resources. the prediction of crop yields based on energy inputs can help farmers and policymakers to estimate the level of production. required data for study were randomly collected from 70 broiler farms in north west of iran. the input energies were included human labour, machinery, fuel, feed and electricity and the out...

Fuel cells belong to an avant-garde technology family for a wide variety of applications including micro-power, transportation power, stationary power for buildings and other distributed generation applications. The first objective of this contribution is to find a suitable reduced model of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC). The derived reduced model is then used to design a state estimator. I...

A procedure for estimating fuel burned based on actual flight track data, and drag and fuel-flow models is described. The procedure consists of estimating aircraft and wind states, lift, drag and thrust. Fuel-flow for jet aircraft is determined in terms of thrust, true airspeed and altitude as prescribed by the Base of Aircraft Data fuel-flow model. This paper provides a theoretical foundation ...

The operation of Fuel Cell Distributed Generation (FCDG) systems in distribution systems is introduced by modeling, controller design, and simulation study of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) distributed generation (DG) system. The physical model of the fuel cell stack and dynamic models of power conditioning units are described. Then, suitable control architecture based on fuzzy logic contro...

Aircraft engines constitute a comp‌lex system, requiring adequate mon-itoring to ensure flight safety and timely maintenance. The best way to achieve this, is modeling the engine. Therefore, in this paper, a suitable mathematical model from engine controller design point of view, for a specific aero turbine engine is proposed by the aid of MATLAB/Simulink software. The model is capable of reduc...