A mass gathering (MG) is defined by World Health Organization (WHO) as “any occasion, either organized or spontaneous, that attracts sufficient numbers of people to strain the planning and response resources of the community, city or nation hosting the event” (1). Hajj pilgrimage is one of the fundamental pillars of Islam which must be performed by those Muslims with adequate means and health o...

This paper contributes to ‘visiting friends and relatives’ (VFR) discussions within migration diaspora literatures by proposing a closer theorization of religious mobilities through the conceptual framework ‘diasporic pilgrimage’. It advances VFR thinking considering religion as productive analytical category interrogate relationships between people place which sustain constitute diasporic conn...

Based on suitable video recordings of interactive pedestrian motion and improved tracking software, we apply an evolutionary optimization algorithm to determine optimal parameter specifications for the social force model. The calibrated model is then used for large-scale pedestrian simulations of evacuation scenarios, pilgrimage, and urban environments .

Background and Objectives: Traveling for health is one of the goals that can drive people to travel. Nowadays, pilgrimage plays a significant role in the therapy and spiritual well-being of people. Therefore, the present study aimed to study that how spiritual well-being is achieved through going on pilgrimage to holy places and how it affects all dimensions of one's life. Methods: The current...

Pilgrimage is an important element of religious life in most religions. It no exaggeration to say that the Bible a record long pilgrimage history people Israel. Buddhism also has tradition Holy Land, which contains Buddha

This paper discusses the role of pilgrimage in modern Kazakh culture. Studies individual religious experience Kazakhs allow researchers to distinguish at least two basic points view on tradition making pilgrimages sacral places. Thus, representatives official Islamic institutions often condemn practice pilgrimage, wheras common people see no contradiction between visiting holy places and norms ...

This study describes a seroepidemiological survey on Rift Valley fever (RVF) among small ruminants and their close human contacts in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 500 small ruminants (126 local, 374 imported) were randomly selected from the sacrifice livestock yards of Al-Kaakiah slaughterhouse, in the holy city of Makkah, during the pilgrimage season 1432 H (4-9 November 2011). In addition,...

This study describes a seroepidemiological survey on Rift Valley fever (RVF) among small ruminants and their close human contacts in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 500 small ruminants (126 local, 374 imported) were randomly selected from the sacrifice livestock yards of Al-Kaakiah slaughterhouse, in the holy city of Makkah, during the samples were collected from 100 local workers in close con...