sulfur mustard (sm, bis- (2-chloroethyl) sulphide) is a chemical warfare agent that causes dna alkylation, protein modification and membrane damage. sm can trigger several molecular pathways involved in inflammation and oxidative stress, which cause cell necrosis and apoptosis, and loss of cells integrity and function. epigenetic regulation of gene expression is a growing research topic and is ...

It is shown that the main modifiers of foundry magnesium alloys cannot create heterogeneous crystallization centers in melts during their solidification. Modification alloy structures an adsorption‑nanostructural process. adsorbed hydrogen a modifying element alloys. The mechanism modification consists large decrease concentration by significantly reducing dissolved hydrogen.

Neuroferritinopathy is a rare, late-onset, dominantly inherited movement disorder caused by mutations in L-ferritin gene. It is characterized by iron and ferritin aggregate accumulation in brain, normal or low serum ferritin levels and high variable clinical feature. To date, nine causative mutations have been identified and eight of them are frameshift mutations determined by nucleotide(s) ins...

The crystal growth process by which fish antifreeze proteins (AFPs) and antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) modify the ice morphology is analyzed in the AFP-ice system. A newly identified AFP-induced surface reconstruction mechanism enables one-dimensional helical and irregular globular ice binding surfaces to stabilize secondary, kinetically less stable ice surfaces with variable face indices. No...

There are a wide variety of reactive species which can affect cell function, including reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and lipid species. Some are formed endogenously through enzymatic or non-enzymatic pathways, and others are introduced through diet or environmental exposure. Many of these reactive species can interact with biomolecules and can result in oxidative post-translational modification of...

ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are reversibly inhibited by intracellular ATP. Agents that interact with sulfhydryl moieties produce an irreversible inhibition of KATP channel activity when applied to the intracellular membrane surface. ATP appears to protect against this effect, suggesting that the cysteine residue with which thiol reagents interact may either lie within the ATP-bindin...

We provide a theoretical explanation for the observation that in many sensory systems a step increase in stimulus triggers a response that goes through a maximum and then returns to the basal level. Considered here is a receptor molecule that in the absence of ligand can be found in either of two states R and D. Two more states, RL and DL, are formed upon the addition of ligand L. It is assumed...

Modification mechanism and uniaxial fatigue properties of A356.2 alloy treated by Al-6Sr-7La traditional Al-5Ti-1B/Al-10Sr (hereinafter refers to alloy) were investigated constant stress amplitude method. Microstructure, dislocation Si twinning the alloys studied thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) transmission (TEM). The results showed that possesses better refining modificati...

Terpenes are ubiquitous natural chemicals with diverse biological functions spanning all three domains of life. In specialized metabolism, the active sites of terpene synthases (TPSs) evolve in shape and reactivity to direct the biosynthesis of a myriad of chemotypes for organismal fitness. As most terpene biosynthesis mechanistically involves highly reactive carbocationic intermediates, the pr...

Cancer is now thought of as a fundamentally genetic disease, in that changes in the genome result in aberrant gene expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes to promote oncogenesis. However, with our increasing knowledge of gene regulation, it is becoming obvious that changes in nucleotide sequence are not the sole mechanism for eliciting changes in transcription. An additional layer of...