In this study, Black, Macklem, and Rose thoroughly describe the outcomes when a wide range of reaction functions are set in CPAM, the Canadian Policy Analysis Model developed at the Bank of Canada. The reaction functions for monetary policy influence the short-term interest rate relative to the long-term rate. The analysis begins with the CPAM reaction function, which targets the expected diffe...

Fourteen patients with ankylosing spondylitis had an extension osteotomy for severe flexion deformity of the spine. The Smith-Petersen technique was modified by using a compression device which allows a slow, finely controlled closure of the osteotomy, and provides rigid internal fixation. There were no serious neurological complications. All the patients were able to see straight ahead after o...

This paper presents a strategy for dividing a state into congressional districts using a modified version of Smith and Ryan’s recursive shortest splitline algorithm (2007). Our strategy reduces the cost of the computation by approximating the population of a ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) as a point mass at its population centroid. If there are N ZCTAs in the state with E total edges, and k di...