شور و داوم اه : ،یبرجت همین قیقحت نیا رد 28 نیماتیو ،نیرمت ،لرتنک هورگ راهچ هب یفداصت روط هب و باختنا قاچ رتخد C یبیکرت و دندش میسقت . نیرمت تدش اب يزاوه 50 ات 70 ،رثکادح بلق نابرض دصرد 3 تدم هب و هتفه رد هسلج 8 هتفه دش ماجنا . هورگ ياه نیماتیو C و صرق یبیکرت 500 یلیم نیماتیو یمرگ C ار 3 فرصم هتفه رد راب دندومن . هنومن و لبق اتشان ینوخ ياه 48 هلخادم نیرخآ زا سپ تعاس اه عم...

A new multi-decade national-wide coarse-resolution data set of leaf area index (LAI) over the Republic of Kazakhstan has been developed based on data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and in situ measurements of vegetation structure. The Kazakhstan-wide LAI product has been retrieved using an algorithm based on a physical radiative transfer model establishing a relations...

تاسياقلما فلتخم ىلع ءوضلا ضعب ءاقلإ تم ةعجارلما هذه يف دضتسلماب دضلا تلاعافت ىلع دمتعت يتلا ةموسولما ةيعانلما ةيعانلما و ،ةيقلأتلا ةيعانلما تاسايقلما لمشت يتلاو Ag-Ab هذه فيرعت تم .)EIA, ELISA( ةييمزنلإا ةيعانلما و ،ةيعاعشلا و تلاعافتلا أدبلم رصتخم فصو عم لًاوأ ةثلاثلا تاسياقلما اهروطت حيضوتل يخيراتلا جردتلا بسح تشقون مث ،تاقيبطتلا امك .لماك لكشب ةيلآ ةينقت ىلإ ةياهنلا يف داق يذلا يجيردتلا ةخطلل...

Proliferation of evapotranspiration (ET) products warrants comparison of these products. The study objective was to assess uncertainty in ET output from four land surface models (LSMs), Noah, Mosaic, VIC, and SAC in NLDAS-2, two remote sensing-based products, MODIS and AVHRR, and GRACE-inferred ET from a water budget with precipitation from PRISM, monitored runoff, and total water storage chang...

Variability and trends in lake ice dynamics (i.e. lake ice phenology) are related to climate conditions. Climate influences the timing of lake ice melt and freeze onset, ice duration, and lake thermal dynamics that feedback to the climate system initiating further change. Phenology records acquired in a consistent manner and over long time periods are required to better understand variability a...

Address: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Montasariya Infertility Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Tel: +98 511 8534021 Email: [email protected] همدقم : ناـمز رد نز بارطـضا حطـس لـثم يرـيغتم لـماوع هب هتسباو دناوت يم يروراب كمك نامرد تيقفوم دشاب نامرد . راب نانز بارطضا و يگدرسفا ريثات يبايزرا يارب هعلاطم نيا يروراـب كـمك ناـمرد دمايپ رب رو تسا هدش يحارط ...

Deconstructing the drivers of large-scale vegetation change is critical to predicting and managing projected climate and land use changes that will affect regional vegetation cover in degraded or threated ecosystems. We investigate the shared dynamics of spatially variable vegetation across three large watersheds in the southern Africa savanna. Dynamic Factor Analysis (DFA), a multivariate time...

According to the nonequilibrium theory, livestock grazing has a limited effect on long-term vegetation productivity of semiarid rangelands, which is largely determined by rainfall. The communal lands in northeastern South Africa contain extensive degraded areas which have been mapped by the National Land Cover (NLC) program. Much evidence suggests that long-term heavy grazing is the cause of th...

This study evaluates the ability to track grassland growth phenology in the Swiss Alps with NOAA-16 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series. Three growth parameters from 15 alpine and subalpine grassland sites were investigated between 2001 and 2005: Melt-Out (MO), Start Of Growth (SOG), and End Of Growth (EOG).We tried to estim...

Accurate estimation of snow albedo is essential for monitoring the state of the cryosphere. The high albedo of snow-covered surfaces allows little energy to be absorbed by the snowpack. However, as snow ages and/or begins to melt the albedo decreases and more energy is absorbed by the snowpack. This paper examines the retrieval of snow albedo from the MISR and MODIS instruments over the Greenla...