the present paper deals with examination of the terms listed in one hundred sonnets in hafez’s poetic collection (divan) where one may seemingly assume them as feminine terms in order to find their latent meanings and concepts and the point that whether the poet has intended to employ these terms only for their apparent concepts or he has had some concepts beyond their apparent meanings in mind...

Is moral judgment accomplished by intuition or conscious reasoning? An answer demands a detailed account of the moral principles in question. We investigated three principles that guide moral judgments: (a) Harm caused by action is worse than harm caused by omission, (b) harm intended as the means to a goal is worse than harm foreseen as the side effect of a goal, and (c) harm involving physica...

this study has been derived from my doctorate thesis entitled as ‘’al derasate val tahghigh hula area alsarfie val nahvie leibn geni fi ketabeh al khasaes’’ which while expressing a little about life and literature of ibne geni, explain the subject of accent variations in terms of meaning and structure. it is believed that ibn geni in 321 (h-gh) was born in mousel. some believe that his name ha...

I reconstruct here the implicit rationale of Smith’s ethical system, which unites in a single and consistent theory the most valuable features of both ancient virtue ethics and modern deontology. I propose that Smith could do this because of his approach to what I call “sympathetic impartiality”, and the pretension of universality that arises from it. In Smith’s theory, sentiments are moralized...

David Shoemaker argues from (A) psychopaths’ emotional deficiency, to (B) their insensitivity to moral reasons, to (C) their lack of criminal responsibility. This response observes three important ambiguities in this argument, involving the interpretation of (1) psychopaths’ emotional deficit, (2) their insensitivity to reasons, and (3) their moral judgements. Resolving these ambiguities presen...

Aldous Huxley composed Brave New World in the context of the Depression and the eugenics movement in Britain. Today his novel is best known as satirical and predictive, but an additional interpretation emerges from Huxley's nonfiction writings in which the liberal hurmanist expressed some surprising opinions about eugenics, citizenship, and meritocracy. He felt that his role as an artist and pu...

Despite the fact that realism has long been the dominant outlook in science, ethical realism has been thought to be especially problematic. Even the most steadfast realists in other fields have questioned the existence of moral truths. It seems that the would be moral realist has his work cut out for him. The first step necessary for any defense of moral realism will be the identification of th...