A case-crossover study compared rainfall in the 4 weeks before drinking water related outbreaks with that in the five previous control years. This included public and private drinking water related outbreaks in England and Wales from 1910 to 1999. Of 111 outbreaks, 89 met inclusion criteria and the implicated pathogens included Giardia, Cryptosporidium, E. coli, S. Typhi, S. Paratyphi, Campylob...

Fifty-eight individuals belonging to 10 species of bats, insectivores, and pikas were examined for helminths from 4 collection sites in Mongolia in 1999. Two species of bats (Vespertilio murinus and Eptesicus gobiensis) were infected with a single species of trematode (Plagiorchis vespertilionis), which represents a new record for the country. One individual of E. gobiensis also harbored 1 unid...

An atlas of the cerebral ganglion of Moniliformis dubius has been constructed and the cells identified by number. There is a total of 88 cells, two of which are binucleate. These cells (20 and 90) are located in the frontal plane. The cell population is equally distributed between each half of the ganglion, there being 41 cells on each side with six cells centrally located between the two halve...

Three hundred and seventy-five acanthocephalans, Moniliformis clarki, were removed from the small and large intestines of a gray squirrel from Arkansas County, Arkansas (USA). This is the first report of M. clarki from Arkansas. Enteric lesions, including distension, perforating ulcers, enteritis, crypt hypertrophy, goblet cell hyperplasia, and occlusions of the intestinal tract were observed, ...

Fedonkin, Mikhail A., and Ellis L. Yochelson. Middle Proterozoic (1.5 Ga) Horodyskia moniliformis Yochelson and Fedonkin, the Oldest Known Tissue-Grade Colonial Eucaryote. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, number 94, 29 pages, frontispiece, 19 figures, 2002.— "Problematic bedding-plane markings" discovered by the late R.J. Horodyski from the Appekunny Formation in Glacier National Park...

A child owning pet rats developed an eruptive fever with blisters, polyarthritis, and spectacular desquamation of the hands. Streptobacillus moniliformis was identified after culture of the child's blister fluid and was detected in rat samples by molecular methods. Such detection in the pet of a human victim of rat bite fever has not been reported previously.

The L-forms of Clostridium perfringens were first reported by Dienes (1950). He described this form as minute, soft, pleomorphic colonies which developed when C. perfringens were grown on penicillin-treated horse serum agar plates. The reversion of L-colonies to bacterial forms has not been reported for C. perfringens. They have been observed in strains of Proteus (Dienes, 1949), Salmonellae (W...