The olfactory bulb (OB) is the first relay station of the central olfactory system in the mammalian brain and contains a few thousand glomeruli on its surface. Because individual glomeruli represent a single odorant receptor, the glomerular sheet of the OB forms odorant receptor maps. This review summarizes the emerging view of the spatial organization of the odorant receptor maps. Recent studi...

A microbiome consists of microbes and their genomes, encompassing bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, archaea, eukaryotes. These elements interact dynamically in the specific environment which they reside evolve. In past decade, studies various microbiomes have been prevalent scientific literature, accounting for shift from culture-dependent to culture-independent identification using new high-...

Upon disturbance of their function by stress, mitochondria can signal to the nucleus to steer the expression of responsive genes. This mitochondria-to-nucleus communication is often referred to as mitochondrial retrograde regulation (MRR). Although reactive oxygen species and calcium are likely candidate signaling molecules for MRR, the protein signaling components in plants remain largely unkn...

PURPOSE Bisphosphonate use has been associated with increased risk of fatal stroke. We examined the association between preadmission use of oral bisphosphonates and 30-day mortality following hospitalization for stroke. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study using medical databases and identified all patients in Denmark with a first-time hospitalization f...

OBJECTIVE To describe preoperative characteristics and postoperative results among patients with esotropic Duane syndrome who underwent vertical rectus transposition with vs without subsequent medial rectus recession (MRR). METHODS Clinical records were compared of patients with esotropic Duane syndrome who underwent vertical rectus transposition with (study group) vs without (control group) ...

We demonstrate a tunable on chip polymer waveguide micro ring resonator (MRR) device. The transmission spectrum and extinction ratio are controlled by electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD), via the application of voltage to a droplet. As a result the droplet covers a portion of the MRR waveguide and changes its effective refractive index. This method can be used for efficiently tuning a variety o...

We demonstrate the feasibility of using a single microring resonator (MRR) as optical notch filter for enabling the direct modulation of a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) at more than tripled data rate than possible with the RSOA alone. We conduct a thorough simulation analysis to investigate and assess the impact of critical operating parameters on defined performance metrics...

This study investigates the dry and near-dry electrical discharge machining (EDM) milling to achieve a high material removal rate (MRR) and fine surface finish for roughing and finishing operations, respectively. Dry EDM uses gas and near-dry EDM applies a liquid-gas mixture as the dielectric medium. Experimental studies leading to the selection of oxygen gas and copper electrode for high MRR d...

Resumen: Este artículo describe el impacto de un algoritmo de Desambiguación de Sentidos de Palabras (WSD) para nombres en AliQAn, el sistema de Question Answering con el cual hemos participado en el CLEF-2005. Al aplicar el WSD tradicional, el rendimiento se decrementa en un 4.7% en el Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR). Para resolver este problema, proponemos dos aplicaciones de WSD: (1) elegir un gr...

Electro chemical machining is a non conventional machining process to machine conducting hard materials using anodic dissolution. The process parameters are needed to be optimized to get better result of material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR). In this paper MRR and SR values are optimized by Simulated Annealing (SA) and the effect of input parameters are determined by Taguchi De...