The results of micro-Raman scattering measurements performed on three different “graphitic” materials: micro-structured disks of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, graphene multi-layers thermally decomposed from carbon terminated surface of 4H-SiC and an exfoliated graphene monolayer are presented. Despite its multi-layer character, most parts of the surface of the graphitized SiC substrates s...

[1] The Earth’s magnetosphere is a spatially extended nonlinear system driven far from equilibrium by the turbulent solar wind. During substorms it exhibits both global and multi-scale features which reconciliation has been a long standing issue. This paper presents a data-derived model of the solar wind-magnetosphere coupling that combines a nonlinear dynamical description of the global featur...

α-Amino nitriles are synthesized in a one-pot, three-component coupling of aldehydes (or ketones), aniline, and trimethylsilyl cyanide using a catalytic amount of choline chloride.2ZnCl2 as a bio Lewis acidic ionic liquid. Mild Lewis acidic characteristic of this ionic liquid allows efficient synthesis of α-amino nitriles from acid sensitive aldehydes.

this paper presents a mathematical model for the vibration analysis of a three-component piezoelectric force sensor. the cubic theory of weakly nonlinear electroelasticity is applied to the model for describing the electromechanical coupling effect in the piezoelectric sensing elements which operate in thickness-shear and thickness-stretch vibration modes. hamilton's principle is used to d...

Laser diode beam divergence is the main parameter for beam shaping and fiber optic coupling. Increasing the waveguide layer thickness is the conventional method to decrease the beam divergence. In this paper, the broadened asymmetric waveguide is introduced to decrease the divergence without increasing the optical power. The asymmetric waveguide was used to shift the vertical optical field to n...

the analytical theory of one dimensional, dispersion free miscible displacement of oil by injection gas with nc component has shown that: the mmp is the lowest pressure at which any one of the initial oil, injection gas or crossover key tie lines becomes critical, which means that its length approaches to zero. in this paper, we propose a method for a solving multi component system based on ana...