Magneto-optical Faraday effect of Bi-substituted yttrium iron garnet (Bi:YIG) films with random multilayer structures was analyzed by using the random matrix approach. It was found that the random multilayer structure is very effective for enhancing the Faraday effect of the Bi:YIG film, which is much superior than that of the periodic multilayer films.

The elastic modulus of multilayer graphene is found to be more robust to damage created by high-energy α-particle irradiation as compared to monolayer graphene. Theoretical analysis indicates that irradiation of multilayer graphene generates interlayer links that potentially increase the stiffness of the multilayer by passivating local defects.

a cylindrical direct current magnetron sputtering coater with two targets for deposition of multilayer thin films and cermet solar selective surfaces has been constructed. the substrate holder was able to rotate around the target for obtaining the uniform layer and separated multilayer phases. the al/ cu multilayer film was deposited on the glass substrate at the following conditions: working g...

The aberrations of a multilayer-coated reflective Schwarzschild objective, which are influenced both by mirror surface profiles and by multilayer coatings, are evaluated with a phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer operating in the extreme ultraviolet. Using wave-front measurements at multiple wavelengths near 13.4 nm, we observed chromatic aberrations and wavelength-dependent transmi...

We have evaluated the prospects of phosphorus-based compounds in extreme ultraviolet multilayer optics. Boron phosphide (BP) is suggested to be used as a spacer material in reflective multilayer optics operating just above the L-photoabsorption edge of P ( ≈ 9.2 nm). Mo, Ag, Ru, Rh, and Pd were considered for applications as reflector materials. Our calculations for multilayer structures with ...

This paper presents a solar energy prediction method using artificial neural networks (ANNs). An ANN predicts a clearness index that is used to calculate global solar irradiation. The ANN model is based on the feed forward multilayer perception model with four inputs and one output. The inputs are latitude, longitude, day number and sunshine ratio; the output is the clearness index. Data from 2...

Visual perception is a challenging problem in part due to illumination variations. A possible solution is to first estimate an illumination invariant representation before using it for recognition. The object albedo and surface normals are examples of such representations. In this paper, we introduce a multilayer generative model where the latent variables include the albedo, surface normals, a...

introduction: auditory temporal resolution and auditory temporal ordering are two major components of the auditory temporal processing abilities that contribute to speech perception and language development. auditory temporal resolution and auditory temporal ordering can be evaluated by gap-in-noise (gin) and pitch-pattern-sequence (pps) tests, respectively. in this survey, the effect of biling...

In this paper, we implement the method of Steepest Descent in single and multilayer feedforward artificial neural networks. In all previous works, all the update weight equations for single or multilayer feedforward artificial neural networks has been calculated by choosing a single activation function for various processing unit in the network. We, at first, calculate the total error function ...

The thermomechanical behavior of multilayer structures is a subject of perennial interest. Stoney’s formula has long been one of the most important tools for understanding thermomechanical stress for single-layered structures like spin-coated polyimides or deposited metal thin film on substrates. In today’s microelectronics, however, as multilayer substrates have become widely available, the ‘‘...