Multiple drug resistance is still an unsolved problem in cancer therapy. Our previous study demonstrated that the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (Dox) induced upregulation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in endothelial cells, resulting in a 20-fold increase in drug resistance and reduced efficiency of Dox treatment in a mice tumor model. In this study, we exposed human microvascular endothelial cel...

histoid leprosy (hl) is a rare variant of lepromatous leprosy, occurring in long-standing cases, mostly in a background of acquired drug resistance. patients usually present with sudden onset multiple nodules and plaques, most often involving the skin and subcutaneous tissue of trunk and lower limbs. here we report an unusual case of de novo (without any history of prior anti-leprotic therapy) ...

antimalarial drugs with the 4-aminoquinoline scaffold such as the important drugs, chloroquine (cq) and amodiaquine (aq), have been used to prevent and treat malaria for many years. the importance of these drugs is related to their simple usage, high efficacy, affordability, and cost-effectiveness of their synthesis. in recent years, with the spread of parasite resistance to cq and cross-resist...

nowadays the most difficult problem in treatment of bacterial infections is the appearance of resistant bacteria to the antimicrobial agents so that the attention is being drawn to other potential targets. in view of the positive findings of phage therapy, many advantages have been mentioned which utilizes phage therapy over chemotherapy and it seems to be a promising agent to replace the antib...

conclusions it was the first report on the blactx-m-15 gene emergence in clinical enterobacter spp. in iran. the current study demonstrated the predominant presence of the gene encoding ctx-m-15 among esbl producing enterobacter spp. commonly with a large plasmid, in the setting. background enterobacter spp. is increasingly recognized as an important nosocomial pathogen and implicated in many e...

to study the resistance to standard dosage of clopidogrel among iranian patients following percutaneous coronary intervention measured by platelet aggregation test.patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in imam hussein medical center, tehran, iran, who were under treatment with aspirin, but had no history of clopidogrel usage, entered the study. patients received standard dosage...

emerging new medications in the treatment of hbv produces hope and promises for curing of hbv. over the past decade, the development of oral nucleoside/nucleotide analogs (nas) with favorable potencies and tolerabilities has led to substantial advances in chronic hepatitis b (chb) therapy. the oral anti-hbv agents currently approved are lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil , entecavir , telbivudine, ...

background and objective: implementation of standard methods for accurate detection of bacteria, correct antibiotic susceptibility testing and effective treatment of bacterial infections play important roles in development of public health and prevention of drug resistance. this study aimed to detect bacteria using standard methods and compare the results with the results obtained in teaching h...

PURPOSE The onset of drug resistance is a major cause of treatment failure in multiple myeloma. Although increasing evidence is defining the role of miRNAs in mediating drug resistance, their potential activity as drug-sensitizing agents has not yet been investigated in multiple myeloma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Here we studied the potential utility of miR-221/222 inhibition in sensitizing refract...