Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a significant health problem in Panama. The extent to which such cases are the result of primary or acquired resistance and the strain families involved are unknown. We performed whole-genome sequencing of a collection of 66 clinical MDR isolates, along with 31 drug-susceptible isolates, that were isolated in Panama between 2001 and 2010; 78% of the ...

SETTING Lima, Peru. OBJECTIVE To describe drug resistance profiles of TB isolates from patients at risk for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), and to consider the implications of these findings for treatment. DESIGN Descriptive study of drug susceptibility testing (DST) results for TB isolates from 1680 patients referred for suspicion of MDR-TB between 1996 and 2001. RESULTS Of 16...

BACKGROUND Multiple drug-resistance in new tuberculosis (TB) cases accounts for the majority of all multiple drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) worldwide. Effective control requires determining which new TB patients should be tested for MDR disease, yet the effectiveness of global screening recommendations of high-risk groups is unknown. METHODS Sixty MDR-TB cases with no history of previous TB treat...

Antineoplastic agents may be very effective in the first round of combination chemotherapy; however, upon subsequent treatment, many tumours display resistance. In many instances , drug resistance is observed to multiple agents which differ in structure as well as in their mechanism of action. Development of such multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle in the treatment of a variety of ma...

BACKGROUND Although Drug resistance tuberculosis is not a new phenomenon, Mali remains one of the "blank" countries without systematic data. METHODS Between 2006 and 2014, we enrolled pulmonary TB patients from local TB diagnostics centers and a university referral hospital in several observational cohort studies. These consecutive patients had first line drug susceptibility testing (DST) per...

Detailed information on additional drug resistance patterns of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is essential to build an effective treatment regimen; however, such data are scarce in Korea. We retrospectively analyzed the results of phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) of culture confirmed-TB patients from January 2010 to December 2014 in 7 university hospitals in Korea. MDR-TB...

BACKGROUND Gram-negative multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are major causes of nosocomial infections, and antibiotic resistance in these organisms is often plasmid mediated. Data are scarce pertaining to molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in resource constrained areas such as Iraq. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, all MDR Enterobacteriaceae (n = 38) and randomly selec...

We have studied the genetic alterations acquired during selection of a cloned human leukaemic cell line (CEM/VP-1) that is 15-fold more resistant to the anticancer topoisomerase Il-inhibitor etoposide than parental CCRF-CEM cells. CEM/VP-1 cells exhibit an 'atypical MDR' phenotype: cross resistance to other topo II inhibitors (but not Vinca alkaloids) and expression of a drug-resistant topo II ...

Nosocomial infection (infection acquired after 48 hours of hospitalization, or within 2 weeks of a previous hospitalization) is becoming a problem of global significance. In human hospitals, prevention of nosocomial infection has become paramount, and the emergence of multiple drug resistant (MDR) bacteria has made prevention even more difficult. According to the World Health Organization repor...

INTRODUCTION Emerging antituberculosis drug resistance is a serious threat for tuberculosis (TB) control, especially in Eastern European countries. METHODS We combined drug susceptibility results and molecular strain typing data with treatment outcome reports to assess the influence of drug resistance on TB treatment outcomes in a prospective cohort of patients from Abkhazia (Georgia). Patien...