objective(s): previous studies showed that skeletal muscle microcirculation was reduced in chronic heart failure. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of endurance training on capillary and arteriolar density of fast and slow twitch muscles in rats with chronic heart failure. materials and methods: four weeks after surgeries (left anterior descending (lad) artery occlusion), chr...

purpose: to determine the anatomical location of the inferior oblique (io) muscle and any possible correlation between io overaction and io muscle mass. methods: in this interventional case series, eyes undergoing primary surgery for io overaction underwent measurement of the distance between io muscle borders from the limbus as well as muscle belly circumference, intraoperatively. results: ove...

background: lower limbs antigravity muscles weakness and decreased functional ability have significant role in falling. the aim of this study was to find the effects of aging on muscle strength and functional ability, determining the range of decreasing strength and functional ability and relationship between them in healthy women. methods: across-section study was performed on 101 healthy wome...

objective: patients with conversion disorder may be seen by different specialists in various clinics and emergency situations. however, there are not sufficient studies on the most effective treatment for this disabling illness. methods: in a clinical trial, we compared four treatment strategies muscle relaxation, suggestion, hypnosis and intravenous diazepam infusion, in 80 patients with acute...

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vitamin d deficiency is a worldwide epidemic, with well known impacts on calcium metabolism and bone health, but increasingly recognized associations with chronic health problems such as bowel and colonic cancer, arthritis, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. in recent years in the sports medicine literature, there has been an increased focus on the potential impact that inadequate vitamin d l...

blow out fracture is a common disease in oculoplastics clinics. one of indication for surgical intervention is entrapment of inferior rectus muscle in the fractured site. in this article authors represent two cases with this disease who underwent surgery for the entrapment of perimuscular fascia without inferior rectus muscle involvement. the results of treatment in both cases were excellent. t...

purpose: to evaluate the outcomes of ptosis surgery in patients with weak levator function using orbicularis oculi and frontalis muscles. methods: this prospective interventional case series study was conducted over 3 years on patients with ptosis and weak levator function (less than 4mm). in all cases, orbicularis oculi and frontalis muscles were used directly to correct the ptosis. success wa...

purpose: to identify the postoperative surgical outcomes and the changes in deviation in patients treated by bilateral medial rectus (bmr) recession for small to large angle esotropia with a minimum follow-up of two years methods: in this retrospective and consecutive case series, we reviewed medical records of 130 patients who had recession surgery for correction of esotropia between 2001-2011...

objective: the purpose of this research was to investigate the role of the media, perfectionism, and difficulties in emotion regulation in prediction of muscle dysmorphia symptoms.  methods: in this research, 240 male body-builders were selected from five gyms in gorgan (north of iran). they were required to answer muscle dysmorphia disorder inventory (mddi), multidimensional perfectionism scal...