The absence of antibody to HTLV-I and HIV in patients with multiple sclerosis from France and similar findings in Italian patients (L ChiecoBianchi et al, personal communication) argue against these viruses having a role in the development of multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, the negative results in patients from the French West Indies, an area endemic for HTLV-I, strengthen the lack of a serolo...

The effect of phytochemical compounds on indicators oxidative stress, inflammation and skeletal muscle damage caused by physical activity

Skeletal muscle-specific liver kinase B1 (LKB1) knockout mice (skmLKB1-KO) exhibit elevated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling after treadmill running. MAPK activation is also associated with inflammation-related signaling in skeletal muscle. Since exercise can induce muscle damage, and inflammation is a response triggered by damaged tissue, we therefore hypothesized that LKB1 pl...

High-intensity eccentric muscle contraction induces muscle damage. Damaged muscles recover through different processes, including degeneration, inflammation, regeneration, and fibrosis; some of these processes are mediated through the actions of cytokines. The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is one such cytokine involved in muscle recovery and repair. In this regard, TGF-β regulates the...

Exercise training improves functional capacity in aged individuals. Whether such training reduces the severity of exercise-induced muscle damage is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of 10 wk of treadmill exercise training on skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and exercise-induced ultrastructural damage in six aged female Quarter horses (>23 yr of age). The ma...

We assessed the role of A79G, a polymorphism of the myoglobin gene (MB), in susceptibility to exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage. Between January 2012 and December 2014, a total of 166 cases with exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage and 166 controls were recruited into our study. Genotyping of MB A79G was carried out using polymerase chain reaction coupled with restriction fragment leng...

During endurance exercise, oxygen consumption by the skeletal muscle can increase 100-200 times. We previously found that during an ultramarathon race (50 km, forest trail through hilly terrain) compared with a day of rest, vitamin E disappeared faster (as measured using 2H-labelled alpha-tocopherol) and lipid peroxidation increased. Therefore, we hypothesized that prior supplementation with an...

Hoffman BW, Cresswell AG, Carroll TJ, Lichtwark GA. Muscle fascicle strains in human gastrocnemius during backward downhill walking. J Appl Physiol 116: 1455–1462, 2014. First published April 4, 2013; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01431.2012.—Extensive muscle damage can be induced in isolated muscle preparations by performing a small number of stretches during muscle activation. While typically thes...

Extensive muscle damage can be induced in isolated muscle preparations by performing a small number of stretches during muscle activation. While typically these fiber strains are large and occur over long lengths, the extent of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) observed in humans is normally less even when multiple high-force lengthening actions are performed. This apparent discrepancy may ...