Dear Editor, Anterior transposition of the inferior oblique (IO) muscle is an effective treatment for dissociative vertical deviation (DVD) when associated with IO muscle overaction [1]. By transposing the insertion of the IO muscle anterior to the equator, a force vector of the IO muscle converts from elevation to depression, which in turn reduces DVD [1]. After the procedure, the superior rec...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of the medial gastrocnemius muscle and/or soleus muscle flaps as surgical treatment of the leg bone exposure. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients undergoing transposition of the medial gastrocnemius and / or soleus for treating exposed bone in the leg, from January 1976 to July 2009, gathering information on epidemiological data, t...

Sternal infection has become a rare but challenging problem with significant mortality and morbidity rates since the introduction of sternotomy. Reported rates of mediastinal and sternal infection range from 0.4% to 5%. The ideal reconstruction after sternal debridement is still controversial. Different methods, such as debridement and open packing with continuous antibiotic irrigation, or ster...

Initial treatment of most compressive neuropathies at the elbow is nonoperative, consisting of rest, avoidance of elbow flexion, and, when necessary, temporary immobilization of the elbow and wrist. If symptoms persist, particularly when accompanied by muscle weakness, surgery is usually indicated. Operative procedures include decompression without transposition of the nerve (in situ or by mean...

Smoking has been shown to be a complicating factor in normal wound healing. Both nicotine and carbon monoxide adversely affect multiple stages of the healing process. From 1991 to 1999,407 muscle flap procedures were performed on 374 patients in a single surgical unit. A retrospective review of 261 patients was completed. Patients were divided into three groups: Group A, no smoking history...