The diagnosis and treatment of gait abnormalities in children with cerebral palsy is challenging. A combination of several factors, including muscle spasticity, muscle weakness, bony malalignment, and neurological impairment may contribute to a patient’s movement abnormality. In theory, correcting these factors with the appropriate treatment will improve the patient’s gait pattern. Identifying ...

abstract background and purpose: work-related musculoskeletal disorders (wmsds) are a group of painful disorders of muscles, tendons, and nerves. carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, thoracic outlet syndrome, and tension neck syndrome are examples. almost all work requires the use of the arms and hands, therefore, most wmsd affect the hands, wrists, elbows, neck, and shoulders. the aim of the cu...

background: methamphetamine (ma) is a potent psychomotor stimulant with high abuse and addictive potential. ma is a neurotoxic drug which is widely abused by females of childbearing age, raising serious public health concerns in terms of exposure of the fetus to the drug. neurotoxic effects of ma on adult are well known, such as dopaminergic nerve terminal degeneration and cell death in regions...

Analytical expressions are obtained for the main magnitudes of a symmetrically constricted vesicle. These equations provide an easy and compact way to predict minimal requirements for successful constriction and its main magnitudes. Thus, they can be useful for the design of synthetic divisomes and give good predictions for magnitudes including constriction energy, length of the constriction zo...

Monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) display valley-selective circular dichroism due to the presence of time-reversal symmetry and the absence of inversion symmetry, making them promising candidates for valleytronics. In contrast, in bilayer TMDCs both symmetries are present and these desirable valley-selective properties are lost. Here, by using density-functional tight-binding e...

In this article, we report for the first time unusual shape changes of vesicles subjected to strong electric pulses in salt solutions of low concentration. The electric field is created by two parallel electrodes between which the vesicle solution is located. Surprisingly, the vesicles assume cylindrical shapes during the pulse. These deformations are short-lived (their lifetime is approximatel...

Inclusions in biological membranes may interact via deformations they induce on the shape of that very membrane. Such deformations are a purely physical effect, resulting in nonspecific forces between the inclusions. In this Letter we show that this type of interaction can organize membrane domains and hence may play an important biological role. Using a simple analytical model we predict that ...

The stochastic motion of a two-dimensional vesicle in linear shear flow is studied at finite temperature. In the limit of small deformations from a circle, Langevin-type equations of motion are derived, which are highly nonlinear due to the constraint of constant perimeter length. These equations are solved in the low-temperature limit and using a mean-field approach, in which the length constr...

purpose : to evaluate the visual results of amblyopic therapy in pediatric patients with monocular abnormalities. methods : the hospital records of visually immature patients with unilateral organic ocular abnormalities and decreased visual acuity, who presented to the pediatric ophthalmology clinic over a one year period, were reviewed. those who had 8 years old of age or less and underwent am...