one potentially basic concept in islam, as a religion, as reflected in the glorious qur’an , is the theory of ‘umma’ (community of muslims).this concept that has been stemmed from islam's political doctrine refers to features such as: tribe, clan, racial groups as well as a nation with stabilizing elements of religion's celestial values under the leadership of one prophet and those wh...

This article investigates multiculturalism by examining the relationship between migrants’ group demands and liberal states’ policies for politically accommodating cultural and religious difference. It focuses especially on Islam. The empirical research compares migrants’ claims-making for group demands in countries with different traditions for granting recognition to migrants’ cultural differ...

My aim in this paper is to carve out a political understanding of the Muslim identity. The Muslim identity is shaped within a religious mold. Inseparable from this religious understanding is a political one that is valuable in its own right in order to secure any sustainable possibility of participating politically as Muslims within a democratic liberal democracy, such as the United States. Her...

The expansion of Islam east of the Middle East has been, apart from a few notable exceptions, a relatively understudied subject. This is especially remarkable when one recalls that, by far, the world's greatest number of Muslims reside east of Karachi. The reasons for this neglect of scholarship, however, are not far to find. First is the identification of the Arab Middle East with the historic...

The Islamic fast during the month of Ramadan is strictly observed worldwide by millions of Muslims. Ramadan is the 9th month of the Islamic lunar calendar and fasting during Ramadan is the religious duty of all healthy adult Muslims. A whole month of intermittent fasting, from dawn to dusk, every year is particular only to Islam and considering that Islam has over 1.5 billion followers worldwid...

From the latter part of the last century to the present context, the world has witnessed the powerful tool of the global media; it has been one of the major sources that questioned and defined cultures, social and political movements and has enabled the world to break through the barriers of differences. Nonetheless, although mass media has particularly played a significant role in the shaping ...

this paper is an attempt to indicate how the educated audience in the us re-reads and interprets the anti –islam movies produced by hollywood. we will use the reception approach of gadamer along with edward saeed's orientalism approach to offer a theoretical synthesis that includes concepts such as 1- lived experience, 2- intercultural communication and 3- digital literacy among american a...

Islamophobia is defined as a closed-minded hatred, fear or prejudice toward Islam and Muslims that result in discrimination, marginalization, and oppression. This phenomenon was strengthened after September 11 marked a watershed in the history of America. In the wake of 9/11, Islamophobia was promulgated in a plethora of textual and visual narratives, including novel. This paper studies Islamop...

today’s western accuse islam and muslims to violence and radicalism to frighten people of islam. in the interim however radical performance some of groups that know themselves muslim, it has not ineffective for bad picture of mohammads religion, but for two reasons this subject not related to islamic current: first, majority of muslims and islamic religions don’t confirm these groups and hate t...

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