Countries help each other within the framework of a certain policy, which is basis for establishing friendly relations between states. In past, such assistance was mainly concentrated in military sphere as to provide an advantage on battlefields opposite side. Nowadays, international organizations, well advanced states, various fields. Since beginning COVID-19 pandemiс March 2020, importance co...

Classic Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma (IPD) has only 2 choices, cooperate or defect. However, most real-world situations offer intermediate responses, between full cooperation and full defection. Previous studies observed that with intermediate levels, mutual cooperation is less likely to emerge, and even if it does it’s less stable. Exactly why has been a mystery. This paper demonstrates two mec...

This article examines the problem of accelerating development digital economy in Ukraine framework course European integration. In conditions unstable world economic situation, it is necessary for to determine determinants development. Ukraine, which geographically a country, also seeks integrate economically into community developed countries are an example solidarity, cooperation and mutual a...

This paper analyzes the negotiations within Council for Mutual Economic Assistance during final years of its existence, focusing on Soviet reform proposals and M. S. Gorbachev’s vision “Common European Home” as well Eastern reaction to them. In second half 1980s, Gorbachev tried found a “unified market” by introducing market-oriented organization. However, this attempt did not materialize becau...

This work considers a stateless Q-learning agent in iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma (PD). We have already given a condition of PD payoffs and Q-learning parameters that helps stateless Q-learning agents cooperate with each other [2]. That condition, however, has a restrictive premise. This work relaxes the premise and shows a new payoff condition for mutual cooperation. After that, we derive the pa...

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a promising paradigm to provide both (S&C) services in vehicular networks. However, the power of echo signals reflected from vehicles may be too weak used for future precise positioning, due practically small radar cross section with random reflection/scattering coefficient. To tackle this issue, we propose novel mutual assistance scheme intelligen...